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Brown v Board of Education
The case originated in 1951 when the public school district in Topeka, Kansas, refused to enroll the daughter of local black resident Oliver Brown at the school closest to their home,It was the First Step in the Desegregation of America's Schools. The upshot: Students of color in America would no longer be forced by law to attend traditionally under-resourced Black-only schools. The decision marked a legal turning point for the American civil-rights movement. -
The Murder of Emmett Till
a 14-year old African American boy, was murdered in August 1955 in a racist attack that shocked the nation and provided a catalyst for the emerging civil rights movement. A Chicago native, Till was visiting relatives in Money, Mississippi, when he was accused of harassing a local white woman.The cowards Bryant and Milam seized the 14-year-old.The pair then beat Till, shot him, and strung barbed wire and dumped the lifeless body in the Tallahatchie River. -
Montgomery Bus Boycotts
was a civil rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating.Days before the boycott began, Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested and fined for refusing to yield her bus seat to a white man. It signaled that a peaceful protest could result in the changing of laws to protect the equal rights of all people regardless of race. -
Little Rock Nine
as a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school. the first day of classes at Central High, Governor called in the Arkansas National Guard to block the black students' entry into the high school. It drew national attention to the civil rights movement. -
Freedom Riders
The bus passengers assaulted that day were Freedom Riders, among the first of more than 400 volunteers who traveled throughout the South on regularly scheduled buses for seven months to test a Supreme Court decision that declared segregated facilities for interstate passengers illegal. The Freedom Riders were James Farmer,John Lewis, Genevieve Hughes Mae Frances Moultrie, Joseph Perkins, Charles Person,Ivor Moore, William E. Harbour, Joan Trumpauer Mullholland and Ed Blankenheim). -
Birmingham Church Bombing
the 16th Street Baptist Church hosted several meetings led by civil rights activists. In an effort to intimidate demonstrators, members of the KKK routinely telephoned the church with bomb threats intended to disrupt these meetings as well as regular church services. A church with a predominantly Black congregation that also served as a meeting place for civil rights leaders.The racially motivated attack killed four young girls and shocked the nation ages 11-14. -
March on Washington
A major event in the centuries-long struggle to help Black Americans achieve equal rights was the 1963 “March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.” In August more than 250,000 people from across the nation came together in Washington, D.C. to peacefully demonstrate their support for the passage of a meaningful."I Have a Dream" is a public speech that was delivered by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. -
Equal pay act
requires that men and women in the same workplace be given equal pay for equal work. The jobs need not be identical, but they must be substantially equal. If there is an inequality in wages between men and women, employers may not reduce the wages of either sex to equalize their pay. It prohibits employment discrimination based on color, race, sex, religion, and national origin in workplaces having more than 15 employees, including local, State and Federal government offices. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex, as well as, race in hiring, promoting, and firing.The Civil Rights Act of 1964 hastened the end of legal Jim Crow. It secured African Americans equal access to restaurants, transportation, and other public facilities. It enabled blacks, women, and other minorities to break down barriers in the workplace. -
March of Selma
The marches were organized by nonviolent activists to demonstrate the desire of African-American citizens to exercise their constitutional right to vote, in defiance of segregationist repression; they were part of a broader voting rights movement underway in Selma and throughout the American South Eventually, the march went on unimpeded and the echoes of its significance reverberated so loudly in Washington, D.C., that Congress passed the Voting Rights Act, secured the vote. -
The Founding of NOW (National Organization for Women)
his Day in History: National Organization for Women was Founded. The National Organization for Women was founded by a group of activists who wanted to end sex discrimination. Today, the organization remains as a cornerstone of the women's rights movement.The most positive impact of NOW and other women's organization is providing women an opportunity to change how society works allowing women to fully participate in society. -
Martin Luther King Jr. Assassination
At 6:05 p.m. the following day, King was standing on the second-floor balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, where he and his associates were staying, when a sniper's bullet struck him in the neck. He was rushed to a hospital, where he was pronounced dead about an hour later, at the age of 39 James Earl Ray was an American fugitive and felon convicted of assassinating Martin Luther King Jr. at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. -
Fair Housing Act
It is illegal to discriminate in the sale or rental of housing, including against individuals seeking a mortgage or housing assistance, or in other housing-related activities. The Fair Housing Act prohibits this discrimination because of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, and disability. -
Stonewall Riots
While police raids on gay bars were routine in the 1960s, officers quickly lost control of the situation at the Stonewall Inn on Tensions between New York City police and gay residents of Greenwich Village erupted into more protests the next evening, and again several nights later sparked the fire that fueled the first wave of the Gay Pride Movement in NYC. On the evening of the raid, approximately 200 people occupied the bar. -
Title IX (Nine)
Is a federal law that states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."It addresses discrimination against pregnant and parenting students and women in STEM programs. It also addresses sexual harassment, gender-based discrimination, and sexual violence.