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Plessy v.Ferguson
It was a landmark constitutional law case, of the Supreme Court.The law case was a state racial segregation for public facilities.This allowed the doctrine "Separate but equal."Homer Plessy was a African-American train passenger that refused to sit in the back of the Jim Crows car in 1892, breaking the Louisiana law.Reasoning didn't get over ruled until Brown v Board of Education of Topeka in 1954. http://bit.ly/2nCak4H -
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Was founded in 1942, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) was one of the biggest activist organization during the Civil Rights Movement.During the 1960's, the (CORE) joined with other activist groups like:Freedom Rides,Freedom Summer, and the 1963 March on Washington.Core was a nonviolent group fighting against the racial segregation,but in the late 1960's the leaders changed and then they focused more on the political ideology on black separatism. http://bit.ly/2nCak4H -
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Brown v.Board of Education
In 1954, Brown v.Board of Education was one of the best decision in the supreme court in the 20th century.One case was filed against Topeka,Kansas.When, a student was denied to there Topeka all white school.Brown should that it violated the Constitution's Equal rights.Brown appealed to Supreme Court, which reviewed schools of segregation together.The 14th amendment has changed since the 20th century. http://to.pbs.org/1emXMop -
montgomery bus boycott
Four days before the Montgomery bus boycott began, on December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give her sit up to a white man on a Montgomery bus. Then on December 5, 1955 African Americans refused to ride the Montgomery bus and started to protest on segregated seating. Martin Luther king and other black minsters would announce boycotts in church on sundays.Finally the supreme court combine black and white bus systems Montgomery on December 20, 1956.http://bit.ly/1ymBgQq -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Martin Luther King,Bayard Rustin, Ralpoh Abernathy and Fred Shuttlesworth were the founders of the southern christian leadership conference. SCLC was an organization were they made civil rights protest activities down in the south. In Atlanta,Georgia at Ebenezer Baptist Church, is where SCLC was founded. Most of the people who were in SCLC were minsters. Minsters believed that black churches should have meetings about the battle of civil rights. http://bit.ly/2nMLAGD -
Little Rock - Central High School
Nine African American students enrolled at an all-white Central High School in Little Rock,Arkansas, in September 1957.The kids were nicknamed "Little Rock Nine".The State National to bar the black students' entry into the school.Courts mandated that all that public schools in the country be integrated.Little Rock Central High School was the outcome of the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown v.Board of Education. http://bit.ly/1nwqGkP -
Greensboro Sit-in
Greenboro Sit-in was non-violent protest that took place in Woolworth’s lunch counter. There were four african american males named Greensboro–Ezell Blair Jr., David Richmond, Franklin McCain and Joseph McNei who went to North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College. The students refused to only be serivce by white people & would not give up their seats to other white people. The students didn't move until closing & brought more students the next day. http://bit.ly/1MP3Fql -
Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee
SNCC was formed for the younger black community to have a voice for civil rights movement. Ella Baker, the director of southern christian leadership conference help create the first meeting of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee. This Committee was for young people who wanted this movement to make a difference. Ella wanted to show social change through Martin Luther Kings principles of nonviolence. This committee played a large role in Freedom Rides. http://bit.ly/1nwqGkP -
Freedom Rides
Freedom Rides were a group of white/African Americans civil rights activists who did a lot of bus trips through the south and protest about segregation in interstate bus terminals. Black Freedom Riders would try to use "white only" lunch counters and restrooms. They would get a lot of violence form other white protesters through there trips while traveling. The interstate commerce commission stated that didn't allow segregation on train station/bus world wide. http://bit.ly/1nwqGkP -
James Meredith
On 1962,James H. Merdith was the first African American student to attend the University of Mississippi. He had been walking in a march called "March against fear". This march was from Memphis, Tennessee to Jackson, Mississippi. Shortly before the march ended James H. Meridth was shot by a sniper. He was sent to the hospital on June 6. James returned with the public eye three years later after the incident. http://bit.ly/1nwqGkP -
"Letter from Birmingham jail"
The Letter of Birmingham jail is also known as "The Negro Is Your Brother". It was written by Martin Luther King Jr. which he was stating the defense of non-violent resistance to racism. On April 12,1963, Martin and fifty other protesters/civil rights leaders had been arrested as being apart of a Birmingham campaign. The campaign was designed bring attention to brutal racist treatment among African Americans. http://bit.ly/2n2ey6x -
Civil rights act passed
June 6,1963 President John F. Kennedy made a proposal to take action on having equal rights with all American people no matter what race,religion, or gender you were. But after his assassination in November 1964, his proposal reached a high point with the Civil Rights Act in 1964.The House approved on July 2,1964.This ended segregation,provided intergration in public places,schools,job, and having discrimination illegal.http://bit.ly/1nwqGkP -
Medger Evers
Medger Evers was a African American Civil Rights activist in the 1950s-1960s who was assassinated in June 12,1963 at 12:40 a.m. He was shot in the back in Jackson,Mississppi. He was a iconic civil rights leader in the state. After the segregate in Mississippi Law School in 1954, he became the NAACP field secretary in Mississippi. The never found the shooter but an accused killer was Byron De La. http://bit.ly/1cLZXzd -
March on Washington
On Wednesday,August 28,1963,The March on Washington took place in Washgton, D.C.It was lead by Martin Luther King Jr. and his followers.Many Civil Rights and religious groups took part in the organizing the march.The event was to show the struggles of political and social problems African American people were going through.And this is were Martin Luther King Jr. did his " I have a dream" speech.http://bit.ly/1MP3Fql -
Bombing on Birmingham church
The bombing took place in a segregated part of the South.It happened on 16th Street of Baptist Church during a morning service. The church was a predominantly black congregation. Meetings with Civil Rights leaders would take place there. Four young women died and many were injured. The event accrued after the "I have a dream" speech in Washington D.C. The event trigurd a national awareness of the struggles of African Americans.http://bit.ly/1MP3Fql -
Twenty-fourth Amendment
The 24 Amendment was important to the Civil Rights Movement as it ended mandatory poll taxes that prevented African Americans. Poll taxes, combined with grandfather clauses and intimidated many African Americans from having any kind of political power. After, the Amendment passes five southern states, like:Virginia, Alabama,Texas,Arkansas, and Mississippi still had poll taxes. http://bit.ly/1nwqGkP -
Mississippi Freedom Summer
A Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee or (SNCC) started the voted registration drive, called as the Mississippi Summer Project, or freedom Summer, they were meant to increase the voters population with more African American voters with the help of 1,000 out-of-state, and white volunteers, got constant abuse and harassment from,from other Mississippi population. http://bit.ly/2oqGBfU -
Malcolm X assassinated
Malcolm X was born in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. He was a son of a preacher named James Ural Little. The Ku Klux Klan, made threats to the family and forced them to move to Lansing, Michigan. Malcolm's father was murdered in 1931, by a white supremacist black legion. Malcolm's house was firedbombed on February 21,1965. A nationalist member of Islam was shot him at a rally he spoke at New York City. http://bit.ly/1nwqGkP -
Selma to Montgomery March
The southern christian leadership conference in 1965, main focus was to have black voters register. Protesters were under protection of nation guard troops to help them walk from Selma, Alabama to the capital of Montgomery. This march was for African American voters to get the voting act past later that year. It was a great success for the black community in Selma, Alabama. This walk took three days to accomplish. http://bit.ly/1nwqGkP -
Voting Rights Act approved
President Lyndon Johnson, signed the law "The Voting Rights Act", on August 6,1965. This law was for African Americans to have the right to vote under the fifteenth amendment. It extended the franchise, and was one of the biggest civil rights move in the U.S. history. In making the Voting Right Act or (VRA) in 1965 has protected minority voters during elections.This law showed it didnt have discrimination against anyone voting. http://bit.ly/1nwqGkP -
The Southern Manifesto
Howard Smith of Virginia,Chairman of the House, did the Southern Manifesto speech.19 Senators and 77 members if the House of Representatives signed the "Southern Manifesto".It should the defiance against the Supreme Court's 1954, landmark Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka options,showing that the schools facilities for black and white school children's education was unequal.http://bit.ly/2ojDZAB -
Black Panthers
In 1966, California, is where the Black Panthers were formed. The played a big role in the Civil Rights Movement. They believed that the none violence of Martin Luther King wasn't a success.And had a more violent appearance, then Kings non-violent beliefs. The Black Panthers used violence to get what they want. They were willing to work with other groups but still believed there method was better. The two founders where Huey Percy Newton and Bobby Seale. http://bit.ly/1lDjzNI -
King was assassinated
Martin Luther King was a civil right leader,baptist leader and the foundered of Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Since the mid-1950s , martin led different civil rights movement. Martin did alot of non-violent tactics like protest marches,sit-ins and boycotts. Martin wanted to fight achieve significance,voting rights and segregation. Martin was assassinated in Memphis,Tennessee on April 4,1968. http://bit.ly/1nwqGkP -
Jackie Robinson
Jackie Robinson was the first African American Major League Baseball player.In,1947,Jackie was signed to Brooklyn Dodgers. Jackie Robinson helped the Dodgers win the World series in 1955.He battled average of 3.11.Jackie finally retired in 1957.His real name was Jack Roosevelt Robinson,and the youngest of 5 children.He was born January 31, 1919, in Georgia.When racism got in his path he learned not to confront it with aggression. http://bit.ly/1cLZXzd -
Sweatt v.Painter
In 1950, the supreme court was a land mark of civil rights were Sweatt v.Painter over ruled Brown v.Board of Education. Sweatt was unable to attend school do to Texas laws forbidden integration of school.He challenged the School of Law in Texas saying Law schools for African-American saying that it wasn't equal as normal Universal of Texas. The case was soon brought to the Supreme Courts,and under the 14th Amendment Sweatt had the right to attend the School of Law of Texas.http://bit.ly/2nJcXkJ
