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MAP
This is a map of the ratio of free states to non-free states. -
Harriet Tubman
Born into slavery in Maryland, Harriet Tubman (c. 1820 to March 10, 1913) escaped to freedom in the North in 1849 to become the most famous "conductor" on the Underground Railroad. Tubman risked her life to lead hundreds of family members and other slaves from the plantation system to freedom on this elaborate secret network of safe houses. A leading abolitionist before the American Civil War, Tubman also helped the Union Army during the war, working as a spy among other roles. -
Primary Source #3
Harriet Tubman was a huge impact during the civil rights movement and a very influencing quote is "Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember, you have within you the strength, the patience, and the passion to reach for the stars to change the world." This changed the world and gave the people hope for a fresh start and a new tomorrow. -
Executive order
President Truman signed the Executive Order 9981, which states, "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin". This signing allows equality in the Military which is a very important step for the African Americans to reach complete equality. -
Brown Vs Board of education
The Supreme Court rules on the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas unanimously agreeing that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. The ruling paves the way for desegregation. The decision overturns the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling that sanctioned "separate but equal" segregation of the races, ruling that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal". This a huge step to equality in which helped gain more respect for African Americans. -
Rosa Parks refusing to move
This is a picture of Rosa Parks refusing to give up her spot to a white person. She was arrested shortly after starting the Civil rights movement. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat at the front of the whites section of a bus to a white passenger. She went against all usual actions during this time with confidence. In response to her arrest, the Montgomery black community launched a bus boycott, which will last for more than a year until the buses are desegregated on December 21, 1956. Because of the boycott, this started a huge fight for equality and led to the I have a Dream speech. -
Little Rock Arkansas
The SCLC becomes a major force in organizing the civil rights movement and bases its principles on nonviolence and civil disobedience. According to King, it is essential that the civil rights movement not sink to the level of the racists and hatemongers who oppose them. King and many other African Americans fight heavily for their rights during this time, They fight with integrity, confidence, and strength. -
Chart
This is a chart of the poverty levels from Whites to African Americans during the Civil rights movement. -
Graph
This is the graph that shows the complaints there were of school districts and schools in general during the time of the civil rights movement. -
3 of the 10 people need to relate to the first 10 events and need to answer the guiding question.
Harriet Tubman- She changed the lives of African Americans through the underground railroad, and by giving them hope. Martin Luther King Jr- He changed everything with just his words, it gave people hope and courage to stand up for freedom and change how Whites felt about African Americans and gave them hope for a brighter future. Rosa Parks- She gave African Americans a burning passion to start a difference and cause a change in the world. And started the Civil rights movement. -
The Sit In
Four black students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College began a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter. The event caused similar nonviolent protests throughout the South. Six months later the original four protesters are served lunch at the same Woolworth's counter. This sit-in caused many other sit-ins around the U.S. It showed that African Americans need to fight for their rights and that their actions impact others. This is a positive change in the community. -
Freedom Riders
Over the spring and summer, student volunteers begin taking bus trips through the South to test out new laws that prohibit segregation in interstate travel facilities, which includes bus and railway stations. Several of the groups of "freedom riders," as they are called, are attacked by angry mobs along the way. These freedom riders fought for what they believed was right and fought for equality among all. They were brave and confident. -
James Merideth
James Meredith becomes the first black student to enroll at the University of Mississippi. Violence and riots surrounding the incident caused President Kennedy to send 5,000 federal troops. James Merideth was a very strong individual during this time who wanted to learn knowledge. Many were not a fan if this causing arguments and fights to break out. But yet he stood his ground with confidence and lots of strength. -
Picture of Martin Luther King Jr at the I have Dream Speech
This is a very historical moment and a huge push towards equality during the time of the civil rights movement. This was huge for equality and would not have been where it is today without the speech. -
Primary source # 1
“I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.” This is said by Martin Luther King Jr. These words are instantly recognized as I had a dream speech.Very powerful words that move you in your heart. -
Martin Luther King is arrested
Martin Luther King is arrested and jailed during anti-segregation protests in Birmingham, Ala.; he writes his seminal "Letter from Birmingham Jail," arguing that individuals have the moral duty to disobey unjust laws. This, however, builds to so much more and leads to the I have a dream speech later said by him. This creates more riots about equality and creates more confidence in African Americans that they will get it. -
During civil rights protests in Birmingham, Ala
During civil rights protests in Birmingham, Ala., Commissioner of Public Safety Eugene "Bull" Connor uses fire hoses and police dogs on black demonstrators. The civil rights protests ended badly and people got hurt. But this shows how the African Americans wanted equality more than anything, and would go to extreme measures to get it. They could take the pain, get beat but it would never hurt their spirit. -
NAACP
Mississippi's NAACP field secretary, 37-year-old Medgar Evers, is murdered outside his home. Byron De La Beckwith is tried twice in 1964, both trials resulting in hung juries. Thirty years later he is convicted for murdering Evers. This murder is showing that the Whites are fighting hard, and are very prejudice and are doing anything that they can to seem to be more powerful or above African Americans when they are fighting for equality. -
"I Have a Dream"
About 200,000 people join the March on Washington. Congregating at the Lincoln Memorial, participants listen as Martin Luther King delivers his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. This is the most important speech throughout the civil rights movement. This was motivating and moving to all the races and to all people that were listening!!! -
Poll Tax
The 24th Amendment abolishes the poll tax, which originally had been instituted in 11 southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote. This had been a huge step for the African Americans to vote and without poll tax, they had gained another huge step to equality. -
Civil rights act of 1964
President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The most sweeping civil rights legislation since Reconstruction, the Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination of all kinds based on race, color, religion, or national origin. The law also provides the federal government with the powers to enforce desegregation. This helps everyone see each other as equal and help people get along and helps with the discrimination, and the prejudices, -
Primary source #2
Rosa parks had said some very powerful words when fighting for equality. This includes “You must never be fearful about what you are doing when it is right.” “I would like to be known as a person who is concerned about freedom and equality and justice and prosperity for all people.” “Each person must live their life as a model for others.” Words like these brought hope in African Americans for equality. -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
The Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds busing as a legitimate means for achieving integration of public schools. There were less segregated buses. And all the races could sit together. They all could act like they had equality on the bus, without discrimination or prejudices. -
Overriding President Reagan's veto
Overriding President Reagan's veto, Congress passes the Civil Rights Restoration Act, which expands the reach of non-discrimination laws within private institutions receiving federal funds. This helps throughout the society, which helps African Americans gain confidence, knowing they won't be discriminated or have prejudice because of Reagans Veto. -
President Bush reverses himself
After two years of debates, vetoes, and threatened vetoes, President Bush reverses himself and signs the Civil Rights Act of 1991, strengthening existing civil rights laws and providing for damages in cases of intentional employment discrimination. This signature of the Civil rights act of 1991 shows truly to everyone that everyone is equal, we are all children of God and have no discrimination or prejudice against. -
The first race riots
The first race riots in decades erupt in south-central Los Angeles after a jury acquits four white police officers for the videotaped beating of African American Rodney King. This shows truly that there is still discrimination during this time, in this day in age where everyone is equal there is still acts of racism. -
Bakke case
In the most important affirmative action decision since the 1978 Bakke case, ruling that race can be one of many factors considered by colleges when selecting their students because it furthers "a compelling interest in obtaining the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body." This causes many riots, showing discrimination in our world today. This shows how racism is still here and that African Americans are still treated poorly and rude by many people today. -
Ringleader
The ringleader of the Mississippi civil rights murders, Edgar Ray Killen, is convicted of manslaughter on the 41st anniversary of the crimes. -
Coretta Scott King dies
Coretta Scott King was an American author, activist, civil rights leader, and the wife of Martin Luther King Jr. Coretta Scott King helped lead the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. She was an active advocate for African-American equality. King met her husband while attending graduate school in Boston. Coretta Scott King dies of a stroke at age 78. -
Rosa Parks death
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott. The United States Congress has called her "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement".Rosa Parks dies at age 92. -
Emmett Till's 1955 murder case
Emmett Till's 1955 murder case, reopened by the Department of Justice in 2004, is officially closed. He had confessed to 2 murders in 1955. So he was charged with manslaughter. Which showed how bad racism was during the 1950s. It was extreme and was forced upon the African Americans. -
James Bonard Fowler
James Bonard Fowler, a former state trooper, is indicted for the murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson 40 years after Jackson's death. The 1965 killing lead to a series of historic civil rights protests in Selma, Ala. -
Civil Rights Act of 2008
Senator Edward Kennedy introduces the Civil Rights Act of 2008. Some of the proposed provisions include ensuring that federal funds are not used to subsidize discrimination, holding employers accountable for age discrimination, and improving accountability for other violations of civil rights and workers' rights. This completed it all. The fighting, riots all for equality, which we now finally have passed in 2008. -
Ricci v. DeStefano
In the Supreme Court case Ricci v. DeStefano, a lawsuit brought against the city of New Haven, it was argued that results of the 2003 lieutenant and captain exams were thrown out when it was determined that few African firefighters qualified for advancement. The plaintiffs claimed that they were victims of reverse discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This was a huge act of racism and very hypocritical during the time.
