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Brown v Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, was a decision where the supreme court had decided that schools will not be separated by race, even when they are equal -
Brown v Board of Education II
The second Brown V Board had ordered that the integration of schools must be extremely quick. It had forced states to open up schools to black students -
White Citizens Council
This white supremacist organization was created to combat the decision of Brown v Board. They attacked people participating in the Montgomery Bus Boycott and other civil rights movements -
Lynching of Emmett Till
Emmett Till was a 14-year-old African American who was lynched in Mississippi.He was lynched because he was accused of flirting with a white woman.The woman's husband, Rod Bryant, took offense and brought along his half brother J.W Milam to teach Till a lesson.He was forced to go into their car and was brutally beaten by the pair throughout the night, he was thrown into the Tallahatchie River.He was so badly disfigured the only way he could only be identified by a ring with his initials on it. -
Rosa Parks Arrested
Rosa Parks was a key member of the Civil Rights Movement. Parks and the NAACP had been planning to desegregate buses in Alabama but had to have an arrest occur, so Parks volunteered to go into the bus and Parks sat in the front of the bus and refused to move for a white man. -
Montgomery bus boycott
In response to the arrest of Rosa Parks, the NAACP worked on the Montgomery Bus Boycott, and 0 colored people rode the bus for 381 days. The boycott was successful, and in 1956, the Supreme Court declared the segregation of buses unconstitutional. It ended on Dec 20, 1956 -
Martin Luther King House Bombing
MLK's house was bombed by segregationists in retaliation for the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Coretta Scott King and their daughter, Yolanda Denise, are not hurt. MLK responds by saying " I want you to love our enemies". -
Bombing of Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth
Ku Klux Klan members in Alabama bombed the home of civil rights activist Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth while his family was inside. Nobody was severely injured, but there were many more attempts to murder Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth in the following years -
SCLC Founded
The SCLC was the most influential organization in the civil rights movement. It was created by MLK and was built upon the idea of nonviolence It leads many protests and marches with very vivid results. -
Eisenhower sends in Federal Troops
Eisenhower had sent troops from the 101st Airborne Division into Little Rock, AR to restore order. There was chaos caused by the approval of letting black students attend high school in Little Rock. He sent the troops to ensure the safety of nine black students. -
SNCC Formed
SNNC was created to help coordinate colored students to help further the progress with the civil rights movement. Its founders were Ella Baker, Diane Nash, Julian Bond, Bernard Lafayette, Charles Sherrod. -
Greensboro sit ins
A group of black students sat at a segregated lunch counter at Woolworth's and refused to get up. This caused an increase in sit in's and had forced desegregation of public places -
Freedom Rides
Planned by CORE and SNCC, buses would drive from Virginia to southern states. Buses consisted of both colored and white riders. The buses were stopped at a screeching halt in Alabama when they were firebombed by white segregationists. Ended Dec 10, 1961 -
White mob attacks federal marshals in Montgomery
The freedom riders were attacked by a white mob after police had left it unattended. Robert Kennedy had sent over 600 federal marshals, and they were combated by the white mob with baseball bats and clubs. -
Albany Georgia “failure”
The biggest failure of the black civil rights movement. The goal was to peacefully march through Albany but over 1000 arrests were made at severely effected the march. Since there were no beatings, it was not seen in a negative public view. This is also considered MLK's biggest failure -
Bailey V Patterson
A group of colored people was racially discriminated against in Mississippi because of their skin color. They took it up to the supreme court and they ruled in favor of the colored people. It had made segregation on public transport unconstitutional. -
MLK goes to a Birmingham jail
MLK saw that all of his supporters were getting arrested, so he saw an opportunity to show his Gandhi influenced the ideology and non-violently got arrested. This had caused an uproar and he was released shortly after. This was a victory for MLK, as he also wrote a letter while in jail, talking about his non-violent ways and how direct action was needed to address the issues with civil rights in America -
Kennedy sends in Federal Troops
JFK had sent the Alabama National Guard to move Gerald Wallace from blocking the admissions office to the University of Alabama. Vivian Malone and James A. Hood were the two students who wanted to be admitted into the school. They were allowed to attend the U of A. -
Equal Pay Act of 1963
This act was passed to eliminate the wage difference based on sex. Equal pay for Equal Work. Passed by JFK -
Assassination of Medgar Evers
Medgar Evers was assassinated in Jackson, MS by white supremacist Byron De La Beckwith. Evers was a civil rights leader for the NAACP and was a WWII veteran. It took 30 years to convict Beckwith because of all white juries being indecisive. -
March on Washington “I have a Dream”
A monumental movement within the civil rights movement. This was a march of people to Washington D.C, and the speech was given in front of the Lincoln Memorial. Over 250,000 people were at "I Have a Dream" Speech. This event was seen all around the world and had brought the civil rights movement into the light in other countries. -
Bombing of a church in Birmingham
The 16th Street Baptist Church was a cultural center for blacks for many years and was regularly threatened with bomb threats and arson. Many civil rights movements had started from the steps of the church. At 10:22 am, a bomb had gone off on the buildings east side with 200 members inside the church. Many were able to escape but the bodies of four young girls 14-year-old Addie Mae Collins, Cynthia Wesley, and Carole Robertson and 11-year-old Denise McNair were found. -
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
JFK was murdered in Dallas, TX by Lee Harvey Oswald. He was riding in a limousine when Oswald had shot him with a sniper rifle. Oswald also killed officer J.D Tippet while he was being searched for. Oswald was killed by a local night club owner Jack Ruby 2 days later -
Freedom Summer
This was a summer project that encouraged people color to register to vote. Over the ten-week project: 1,062 people were arrested, 80 Freedom Summer workers were beaten. 37 churches were bombed or burned. -
XXIV(24th) Amendment
The Twenty-fourth Amendment (Amendment XXIV) of the United States Constitution prohibits the poll tax on any type of election. This was huge for colored people in the south because they had higher poverty rates and the poll tax was used to prevent them from voting. Ratified By Lyndon B Johnson -
Killing of Goodman, Chaney, Schwerner
Michael Schwerner and Andrew Goodman were white New Yorkers who worked for CORE, and James Chaney was a southern African American man who also worked for CORE. They were ordered to be killed by the KKK imperial wizard. They were thrown in jail and released on bail, but later chased down and thrown into the backs of police cars just outside of Philidelphia county limits. They were taken down a dirt road and shot to death by the KKK members and buried. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Forbid all discrimination of color of skin, religion, race, sex, or national origin. A huge accomplishment of the civil rights movement but not all states listened to the act and there was still tension within different races. PASSED by Lyndon B Johnson -
Assassination of Malcolm X
Malcolm X was shot during one of his performances in a New York Hotel Room. The suspected killers were his former group, Nation of Islam, along with others who helped spy on him. -
Selma to Montgomery March
Southern states had placed many discriminatory tests and taxes on voting. King and the SCLC had decided to coordinate a 54-mile march from Selma to Montgomery. With the number of people it had gained, it forced President Lyndon Johnson to call for federal voting rights legislation to protect African Americans from barriers that prevented them from voting -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Outlawed many of the unfair practices southern states had used. One example of an unfair practice was a literacy test, as historically colored people had lower rates of literacy, giving them a disadvantage. Signed by Lyndon B Johnson -
Black Panthers Formed
The Black Panther party originated in Oakland, CA and the main goal was to combat police brutality. It did a very good job of lowering police brutality rates and was founded by Huey P. Newton, Bobby Seale, and Elbert Howard. It was ceased in 1982 -
Loving v Virginia
The supreme court had ruled that there will no longer be prohibitions on interracial marriage. It created lots of traction for other movements and acts to be signed. It gave lots of power to the colored people. -
Minneapolis Riots
This event had lasted for 3 days and was caused by racial tensions on the north side of Minneapolis. African Americans had felt that they have been treated unfairly for long enough and had decided to riot. They mainly focused on white figures that had the power within the neighborhood. -
Detroit Riots
This was known as one of the deadliest riots in the "Long, Hot Summer of 1967," with 43 deaths and 342 injured, Over 1,400 buildings burned, 7,000 U.S. National Guard called, along with army troops. This is the most severe riots had gotten and is the most notorious riot of the civil rights movement -
Assassination of MLK
Martin Luther King Junior was shot in Memphis, TN by James Earl Ray. Ray was sentenced to 99 years in prison. -
Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy was shot outside of a hotel in Los Angeles, CA. He was mortally wounded and died in the hospital a day later. His killer was Sirhan Sirhan, who motivated to kill Kennedy because of what Kennedy had supported. His support of Israel had upset Sirhan and Sirhan believed that the only solution was murder.
