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Brown vs. The Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
A court case that made it unconstitutional to have separate schools for white and African American people. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks stood up to a white man on a bus. She refused to move to the back of the bus, and this "Disturbed the peace" according to the whites and people around. -
Montegomery Bus Boycott Starts
(See the first added Timespan) December 1, 1955- December 20,1956. -
Period: to
Montegomery Bus Boycott
This was a "social and politicial protest campaign" which was a racial segregation in public transportation in Montgomery, Alabama. -
Formation of the SCLC
January 10-11 1957 (See timespan #2) -
Period: to
Formation of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
This was created when 60 black ministers and civil rights leaders met in Altlanta, Georgia in effort to replicate the tactics of the Montegomery Bus Boycott. -
Little Rock 9 Integrate Arkansas
The desegregation of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas gained national attention when Govenor Orval Faubus mobilized the Arkansas National Guard in an effort to prevent nine African American students from integrating the high school.
*Source: http://crdl.usg.edu/events/little_rock_integration/?Welcome -
Woolworth Sit In
4 African American College Students sat down at a lunch counter to order food at Woolworth's in Greensboro, North Carolina, and politely asked for service. Their request was rejected and they were aked to leave. When asked, they quietly remained seated refusing to leave. -
Ruby Bridges Integrates New Orleans Public Schools
Ruby Bridges integrated William Frantz Elementary School on Nov. 14, 1960, becoming the public face of desegregation in New Orleans at the age of 6.
*Source: http://www.nola.com/175years/index.ssf/2011/12/1960_ruby_bridges_integrated_w.html -
Freedom Riders
A group of 13 African Americans and white civil rights activists launched the Freedom Riders, a series of bus trips through the American South to protest segregation in interstate bus terminals.
*Source: www.history.com/topics/black-history/freedom-rides -
James Meredith enrolls at the University of Missisppi
He became the first African American student at this University. Because of this, a group of white segragationists and students gathered and drive to the Universityt to protest. They protested by rioting the campus for a while. He graduated in 1963 with a degree in political science. -
Bull Connor's Violence Becomes National New
Bull Connor obtained an injunction barring the protests and subsequently raised bail bond for those arrested from $300 to $1,200 ($2,000 to $9,000 in 2015). Fred Shuttlesworth called the injunction a "flagrant denial of our constitutional rights" and organizers prepared to defy the order.
*Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_campaign -
Martain Luther King Jr. writes "Letters from a Birmingham Jail"
The letter defends the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism. It says that people have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws, and to take direct action rather than waiting potentially forever for justice to come through the courts.
*Source: http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_from_Birmingham_Jail -
MLK March on Washington and "I Have A Dream" Speech
King urged America to "make real the promises of democracy." King synthesized portions of his earlier speeches to capture both the necessity for change and the potential for hope in American society.
*Source: http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/documentsentry/doc_august_28_1963_i_have_a_dream/ -
24th Amendment Passed
the United States ratified the 24th Amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials.
*Source: http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/modern/jb_modern_polltax_1.html -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
a landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
*Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964 -
Malcolm X assasinated
one week after his home was firebombed, Malcolm X was shot to death by Nation of Islam members while speaking at a rally of his organization in New York City.
Source: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/malcolm-x-assassinated -
Selma March "Bloody Sunday"
six hundred civil rights activists gathered at the Brown Chapel AME Church in Selma, Alabama to start a peaceful 54-mile trek to the state capitol in Montgomery.
Source: http://www.dogonews.com/2015/3/10/march-on-selma-bridge-commemorates-50th-anniversary-of-bloody-sunday -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson (1908-73) on August 6, 1965, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment (1870) to the Constitution of the United States.
*Source: http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/voting-rights-act -
LA Race Riots
raged for six days and resulted in more than forty million dollars worth of property damage, was both the largest and costliest urban rebellion of the Civil Rights era.
*Source: http://crdl.usg.edu/events/watts_riots/?Welcome -
Lyndon Johnson institutes Affrimitive Action
affirmative action policies are those in which an "institution or organization actively engages in efforts to improve opportunities for historically excluded groups in American society."[1] Affirmative action policies tend to focus on issues such as education and employment, specifically granting special consideration to minorities and women who have been historically excluded groups in America.
*Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States -
Stockley Carmichael Coins the Phrase "Black-power"
the expression first entered the lexicon of the civil rights movement during the Meredith March Against Fear in the summer of 1966. Martin Luther King, Jr. believed that Black Power was ‘‘essentially an emotional concept’’ that meant ‘‘different things to different people,’’ but he worried that the slogan carried ‘‘connotations of violence and separatism’
*Source: http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_black_power/ -
Black Panthers are formed
The Black Panther Party (BPP) of the 1960s is remembered clearly by both its friends and its enemies. Both remember it as an organization that popularized the ideas of socialism and armed revolution in North America, particularly among Black people. Its friends also remember it for the challenges it posed to police brutality, hunger, disease, ignorance, and the oppression of Black people generally.
*Source: http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Chapter_History/FBI_War_LA_Chapter.html -
thurgood marshall is appointed to the supreme court
President Lyndon Johnson appoints U.S. Court of Appeals Judge Thurgood Marshall to fill the seat of retiring Supreme Court Associate Justice Tom C. Clark. On August 30, after a heated debate, the Senate confirmed Marshall's nomination by a vote of 69 to 11.
*Source: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/thurgood-marshall-appointed-to-supreme-court -
Assination of MLK
Martin Luther King was shot dead while standing on a balcony outside his second-floor room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. News of King’s assassination prompted major outbreaks of racial violence, resulting in more than 40 deaths nationwide and extensive property damage in over 100 American cities.
Source: http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_kings_assassination_4_april_1968/ -
TC Williams high school football team wins the state championship
TC high school's football team won the state championship in Virginia
