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14th Amendment Passed
"All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and the State where they reside in". Constitutional amendment that forbids any state from depriving citizens of their rights and privileges and defines citizenship. -
Jim Crow Laws
State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted after the Reconstruction period, these laws continued until 1965. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court rules that separate but equal facilities for different races is legal. Gave legal approval to the Jim Crows Laws. -
Niagara Movement
W.E.B DuBois demands immediate racial equality and opposes all laws that treats blacks as different from others. Leads to creation to of NAACP in 1909. Also known as the “mighty current” of change the group wanted to effect and Niagara Falls, near Fort Erie. Ontario, was where the first meeting took place in July 1905. -
Grandfather Clause outlawed by the Supreme Court
NAACP successfully challenges state laws that restricted black voting registration. The Grandfather Clause is a clause exempting certain people or things from the requirements of a piece of legislation affecting their previous rights, privileges, or practices. -
Race Rioting and Lynching
Over 25 race riots occur in the summer of 1919 with 38 killed in Chicago. 70 blacks, including 10 veterans, are lynched in the South. -
Jackie Robinson joins the Brooklyn Dodgers
Pasadena resident and UCLA alum Robinson breaks the color barrier by being the first black to play major league baseball in modern times. During his first season in the majors, Robinson encountered racism from opposing teams and fans, as well as some from his own team mates. -
Armed Forces Integrated
Executive Order 9981 was an executed order issued on July 26, 1948, by President Harry S. Truman. It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services. -
Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka
Case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for blacks and white students to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Fergueson in 1896, which allowed states sponsored segregation. -
Rosa Parks, Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks started a revolution when she refused to give up her from row seat on a public bus. She was tired rom a long day at work and sat in the first available seat instead of going back into the "colored section". When the driver had asked her to oe she simply replied, "no" and the bus driver said that he would have her arrested. She still wouldn't move until she was forced off the bus and fined with a $10 fine. -
Albany Movement
Albany, Georgia residents launched an ambitious campaign to eliminate segregation in all facets of local life. -
March on Washington
A quarter of a million Americans converged on the nation's capitol as one of the most defining movements in the Civil Rights movement. At the podium, many speeches were delivered and one of these was "I Have a Dream" by Martin Luther King Jr. -
Birmingham Bombing
Bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama was one of the deadliest acts of violence that took place during the Civil Rights Movement. -
John F. Kennedy's Assassination
his assassination was committed by Lee harvey Oswald in Dallas, Texas during a presidential motorcade. President Kennedy earlier in the summer proposed a Civil Rights bull to Congress so when he was murdered, it threatened to slow the growing momentum of the ivil Rights Movements. -
New York School Boycott
Hundreds of thousands of parents, students and civil rights advocates demonstrated their support for the full integration of New York City's public schools and and end to segregation. -
Civil Rights Act
Signed by President Lyndon Johnson. This law outlawed segregation in business such as theaters, restaurants, and hotels as well as banned discrimination in public schools and employment. -
Selma-Montgomery March
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference organized a mass march from Selma to Montgomery in response to protest local resistance to voter registration from black people in Dallas County, Alabama. -
Watts Riot
This riot raged for 6 days and resulted in more than $40 million worth of property damage, and it was the largest and costliest urban rebellion of the Civil Rights era. -
Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike
Strike on Memphis city officials because African American sanitation workers demanded higher wages, safer conditions, and recognition of their union. -
Dr. Kings Assassination
Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated by a sniper as he was standing on the second-floor balcony of his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee.
