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Period: to
1950's
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Keys v. Carolina Coach
Keys refused to give up her seat on a charter bus. Ruled against segregation of public transport. SUPREME COURT CASE & PROTEST -
Emmett Till's Murder
Emmett Till was murdered in 1955 and his death brought the country to awareness of the racial injustice within. VIOLENCE BY OPPOSITION -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
This was an event in which African Americans refused to ride the buses due to the racial injustice involved. These people said that they would rather not ride than be forced to a back seat. PROTEST -
Little Rock Nine Crisis
A group of nine African American students enrolled into a school in Arkansas. The governor of the state disallowed their enrollment initially. President Eisenhower overruled, declaring that the National Guard would be used to allow the children to attend school. PROTEST & LEGISLATION -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Federal protection was granted to African Americans so they could safely vote in polls. LEGISLATION -
Period: to
1960's
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Freedom Riders
Freedom Riders were groups of white and African American men who rode on buses through the South to protest racism. They opted to use white only restrooms to make their stance known. PROTEST & NO VIOLENCE -
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
This was a march for freedom held by 200 thousand demonstrators. These demonstrators were pressuring the American government into giving them more job opportunities and freedoms. PROTEST -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This was a public law passed by Congress, disallowing any discriminatory acts on the basis of sex, race, or religion. This includes voting and hiring in business. ACHIEVEMENT & LEGISLATURE -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Disallowed the racist voting practices seen in countless southern states after the Civil War. This includes literacy tests and the grandfather clause. LEGISLATURE -
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
King Jr. was giving his famous "I have a dream" speech, when he was shot and killed. King Jr. was speaking out about how black people around the world have dreams about freedom and happiness. He was killed by a white supremacist who was against black freedoms. VIOLENCE BY OPPOSITION -
Period: to
1970's
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Swann vs. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools
Chartlotte-Mecklenburg schools were found guilty of using racially segregated buses for public transportation. This was against the constitution, and they were found guilty. This led to a quick integration of race in public transport. ACHIEVMENT & SUPREME COURT CASE -
Shirley Chisholm’s Presidential Campaign
Chisholm was the first African American woman to run for presidential election. She ran with the slogan "unbought and unbossed" which picked up massive traction. ACHIEVEMENT -
Hank Aaron's Home Run Record
Hank Aaron was a black male who commonly received death threats from white supremacists. His record was "bittersweet" as written by History.com. His record was a whopping 715 home runs in his career; beating Babe Ruth's famous record of 714 homers. ACHIEVEMENT -
Barbara Jordan’s Address at the Democratic National Convention
Jordan gave an address at the Democratic National Convention. This was convenient because it was unusual for a black person, much less a woman, to give a speech in an event so important. ACHIEVEMENT -
University of California Regents vs. Bakke
The University of California admitted to having race as a definite reason for admission to their school. This was found to go against the 14th amendment of the Constitution, and the Supreme Court ruled that the school must remove race from the revocation process. SUPREME COURT CASE & ACHIEVEMENT