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Eisenhower sends in Federal Troops
In the 1950s Eisenhower sent in federal troops to ensure that the federal law was upheld, Eisenhower sent the troops to continue integration at Central High. It was the only time he used his federal authority to intervene and enforce the Brown legal ruling. An angry white mob protested the integration plan.The mob violence pushed Eisenhower's patience to the breaking point. He immediately ordered the US Army to send troops to Little Rock to protect and escort them for the full school year. -
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Assassination of Malcolm X
Malcolm X was a Black Muslim minister and an influential black leader who moved away from King's non-violent methods of civil disobedience. He split with the Black Muslim movement and formed the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) which attracted thousands of young, urban blacks with its message of socialism and self-help. Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965 while giving a speech in NYC. -
Brown v. Board of Education
In 1954 this was a landmark of United States Supreme Court. The Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
White Citizens Council
The first was formed on July 11,1954, with about 15,000 members mostly in the South, the group was well known for its opposition to racial integration in the South. Stated that the south would not be integrated, it imposed economical and political pressure against those who favored compliance with the supreme court's decision. -
Rosa Parks Arrested
On 1st December 1955 Rosa Parks was arrested for breaking the bus segregation law in Montgomery, Alabama. She was arrested when the bus became full she was in the white-only section and refused to move to another seat, this was breaking the bus segregation law. -
Lynching of Emmett Till
Emmett Till was from Chicago and was killed at 14. In 1955 he was currently visiting family in mississippi when two men J.W. Milam and Roy Bryant kidnapped him. He was brutally beaten, shot, and dumped into the Tallahatchie River. Why did this happen to him? He was whistled at a white women. This case became a cause of the civil rights movement. -
Brown v. Board of Education II
The Supreme Court case decided in 1955. The year before, the Supreme Court had decided Brown v. Board of Education, which made racial segregation in schools illegal. In Brown of education II, the Court ordered them to integrate their schools with all races. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955
In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal. -
Martin Luther King House Bombing
While MLK was at an evening meeting with bus boycott members, a bomb exploded on the front porch of his house, causing damage to the home. King was alerted of the explosion and rushed to his wife and child who were both unharmed. He was met by an angry mob of armed Black men seeking to defend the leader alongside White police officers. With his house surrounded as he spoke to reporters and others, King addressed the crowd and urged them to find peace in the wake of the violent act. -
Bombing of Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth
On December 25, 1956, Ku Klux Klan members bombed the Birmingham, Alabama, home of civil rights activist Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth. Shuttlesworth was home at the time of the bombing with his family and members of Bethel Baptist Church. White supremacists would attempt to murder Shuttlesworth multiple times in the next years, Shuttlesworth became a popular target of white supremacists in the early 1950s after assuming leadership of the civil rights movement in Birmingham, Alabama -
SCLC Founded
In 1957 the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, founded and lead by MLK, which taught that civil rights could be achieved through nonviolent protests. It was set out to eliminate segregation from American society and to encourage African American to register to vote. -
Greensboro Sit-ins
Greensboro Sit-ins occurred in 1960. 4 local black students entered Woolworth's store and sat on white's only seats, they refused to move until served. 27 students took part on the second day, there were 300 by the fourth day. By the end of the week store temporarily closed to halt the sit-ins. Similar sit-ins and protests were taking place in many other states. -
SNCC Formed
The SNCC, or Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, was a civil-rights group formed to give younger blacks more of a voice in the civil rights movement. The SNCC soon became one of the movement’s more radical branches. -
Freedom Rides 1961
Civil Rights campaign of the Congress of Racial Equality in which protesters traveled by bus through the South to desegregate bus stations; white violence against them prompted the Kennedy administration to protect them and become more involved in civil rights.Diane Nash was the organizer of the Freedom Rides -
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Albany Georgia “failure”
African Americans in Albany, GA protested segregation in bus and train stations. Many of them were arrested and jailed. Said to be a failure because police were able to defeat it because they trained men to deal with non-violence, and studied king's strategy and tactics, -
White mob attacks federal marshals in Montgomery
On May 20th 1961 in Washington, The Federal Government dispatched 400 marshals and other armed officers to Alabama to restore areas that were torn by racial violence. The Government acted after a mob of white persons attacked a racially mixed group of bus riders in Montgomery. At least twenty of the riders were beaten. -
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
John F. Kennedy was the 35th president from 1961 until he was assassinated in 1963. Lee Harvey Oswald is who killed JFK. Nobody knows the really answer except for Oswald who was slightly mentally unstable. JFK was in Texas at the time of the shooting because JFK was beginning his campaign trail to be elected again for a second term. -
Bailey v Patterson
The Supreme Court, decided in 1962 that it was unconstitutional for transportation facilities like bus and train stations to be racially segregated. No State may require racial segregation of transportation facilities. -
Kennedy sends in Federal Troops
James Meredith was a young, black air force veteran in 1962 he tried to enroll in the University of Mississippi. A federal court guaranteed his right to attend. When federal marshals accompanied Meredith to campus to register for classes, rioting erupted. Two people died and dozens were injured. Kennedy sent 400 federal marshals and 3000 troops to control mob violence and protect Meredith, and segregation ended at the University of Mississippi. -
XXIV (24th) Amendment
The amendment was proposed by Congress to the states on August 27, 1962. It prohibited states from requiring payment of a poll tax as a condition for voting in federal elections -
Equal Pay Act
1963, An amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act, this act requires equal pay for men and women doing equal work. Prohibits discrimination in wages between employees on the basis of sex for substantially equal work on jobs that require equal skill, effort, and responsibility under similar working conditions -
March on Washington “I have a Dream”
In August 1963, civil rights leaders organized a massive rally in Washington to urge passage of President Kennedy's civil rights bill. The high point came when MLK Jr., gave his "I Have a Dream" speech to more than 200,000 marchers in front of the Lincoln Memorial -
MLK goes to a Birmingham jail
In 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested and sent to jail because he and others were protesting the treatment of blacks in Birmingham, Alabama. A court had ordered that King could not hold protests in Birmingham. -
Assassination of Medgar Evers
On June 12, 1963 Kennedy mentioned that there need to be a change. Him and others came up with a strategy plan as Medgar Evers watched. There was a loud gunfire shot when Evers got home close to midnight. He was then shot and killed while walking through the door. This took place at his home on Jackson, Mississippi he was a civil rights worker and did many activities within the community that helped racial equality. -
Bombing of a church in Birmingham
September 15, 1963 A bomb blast at the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, kills four African-American girls during church services. At least 14 others are injured in the explosion, three former Ku Klux Klan members are eventually convicted of murder for the bombing. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Passed under the Johnson administration, this act outlawed segregation in public areas and granted the federal government power to fight black disfranchisement. The act also created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to prevent discrimination in the workplace. -
Freedom Summer
The 1964 Freedom Summer project was designed to draw the nation’s attention to the violent oppression experienced by Mississippi blacks who attempted to exercise their constitutional rights, and to develop a freedom movement that could be sustained after student activists left Mississippi. -
Killing of Goodman, Chaney, Schwerner
One of three American civil rights workers; Chaney, who was murdered during Freedom Summer by members of the Ku Klux Klan. The others were Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner. Schwerner, was killed in Philadelphia, Mississippi, by the KKK in response to their civil-rights work, which included promoting registration to vote among Mississippi African Americans. Goodman, a college student who went to Mississippi disappeared with the other two. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Voting Rights Act of 1965 was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, it aimed to overcome legal barriers that prevented African Americans from their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. -
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Selma to Montgomery March
Selma March, also called Selma to Montgomery March, political march from Selma Alabama, to Montgomery, that occurred March 21–25, 1965. It was led by Martin Luther King Jr, the march was the stopped and was quite violently by local police. As the 25,000 people participated in the roughly 50-mile march. These events became a landmark in the American civil rights movement and directly led to the Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
Black Panthers Formed
Founded in 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. A black nationalist party who believed that black people should govern themselves. Their aims were to organize the working class, self defence, economic improvements and to improve conditions in northern ghettos. The successes of the Black Panthers were free breakfast for school children, and free health clinics. -
Loving v Virginia
1967, Loving, a white man who married a black woman challenged his conviction under Virginia Law. The court struck down the law as an unconstitutional violation of the Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause. In his opinion Warren held that "Under our Constitution, the freedom to marry, or not marry, a person of another race resides with the individual and cannot be infringed by the state." -
Minneapolis Riots
July 19, 1967, racial tension in North Minneapolis erupted along Plymouth Avenue in a series of, assaults, and vandalism. The violence, which lasted for three nights, is often linked with other race-related actions in cities across the nation during 1967’s. Poverty and economic hardships were affecting region as people moved out. -
Detroit riots
The riots began in the morning of sunday, July 23, 1967. It took place on the city's Near West Side. The conflagration lasted four terrifying days and nights, it was rooted in a multitude of political, economic, and social factors including police abuse, lack of affordable housing, urban renewal projects, economic inequality, black militancy, and rapid demographic change. -
Assassination of MLK
On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated at a Memphis hotel. James Earl Ray, a white man who resented the increasing black influence in society. King's murder set off a new round of riots across the country, while both blacks and whites mourned the tragic death of a charismatic leader. -
Assassination of Robert “Bobby” Kennedy
Robert Kennedy (Bobby) joined the race; younger bro of JFK. June 6, 1968, after a campaign speech in LA Bobby Kennedy was killed by Sirhan Sirhan when he ran for president.
