Eisenhower administration enacted a termination policy designed to relocate Native Americans from reservations to mainstream urban American life-it failed
Plessey v. Ferguson
Brown v. Board of Education
Martin Luther King Jr.
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
Little Rock 9
After Fidel Castro overthrows Cuba's dictator, hundreds of thousands of Cubans fled to the U.S.
S.C.L.C.
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Latino Population in U.S. grew from 3 to 9 million
More than 40% of women had jobs outside the home, women made up 1/3 of workforce
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Feminism-belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality
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De jure segregation
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De facto segregation
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Freedom Riders
Henry Gonzalez was the 1st Mexican American to serve in congress (Texas)
Representatives from 67 Native American groups met and drafted the Declaration of Indian Purpose, this would allow them to "choose our own way of life"
President Kennedy's Presidential Commission on the Status of Women reported that women were paid far less than men, even when doing the same jobs
Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta found the National Farm Workers Association
Mexican American Political Association (MAPA) helped Edward Roybal get elected to House of Representatives in Los Angeles making him 2nd Mexican American in Congress
National Organization for Women formed
Federal Alliance of Land Grants formed to help reclaim U.S. land taken from Mexican American land holders in the 19th century
Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, it captured the discontent that women were feeling
Freedom Summer
Cesar Chavez went on a 3-week fast and lost 35 pounds to get supermarkets and shoppers to not buy California grapes
President Johnson includes Native Americans in his Great Society program and established the National Council on Indean Opportunity to "ensure that programs reflect the needs and desires of the Indian people"
Malcolm X
Selma March
Voting Rights Act of 1965
National Farm Workers Association merges with Filipino agricultural Union to form United Farm Workers Organizing Committee
Stokely Carmichael
Black Panthers
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Women across the country were coming together to work for change
The Brown Berets organize walk outs, 15,000 Mexican American high school students in East L.A. boycott classes
Congress enacted the Bilingual Education act, which provided funds for schools to develop bilingual and cultural heritage programs for non-English speaking children
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Martin Luther King Jr. Assassination
Native American activists found the American Indian Movement
The American Indian Movement begins (AIM), it began as a self defense group against police brutality
Kerner Commission
Women held only 3.5% of elected state offices
Militants calling themselves Indians of all Tribes seized Alcatraz Island-the federal prison island
Political Party La Raza Unida is formed (the United People Party)
Grape boycott after grape companies refused to recognize the union-peaceful boycott - they believed in MLK Jr.'s approach
The Taos of New Mexico regained possession of Blue Lake
Congress passes Equal Rights Amendment
32 million women work in the workforce
Women were earning the wage of $2,237 while men were earning $6,670
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By this time women were preparing themselves for "lifetime careers"
The Aleut and Inuit tribes of Alaska pass the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971, it gave 40 million acres and paid out over $962 million to native peoples
Gloria Steinem helped found the National Women's Political Caucus, a moderate group that encouraged women to seek political office
AIM leader Russel Means organized a march known as Trail of Broken Treaties in Washington D.C. to protest how the government has treated Native Americans throughout history
Congress passes the Education Assistance Act
Congress passed a ban on gender discrimination in "any education program of activities receiving federal financial assistance"
Congress passes the Equal Rights Amendment
Phyllis Schlafly founded and became national chairman of the Stop-ERA campaign
Roe v. Wade passes, allows women the right to choose an abortion during the first 3 months of pregnancy
Native Americans stage protest at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, congress passes Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act
Congress passes the Indian Education Act and Self Determination Act
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The number of women in congress also has increased from 19 in 1975 to 60 in 1997