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Brown vs Board of Eduction
Segregation effected the African American children by not allowing them the same education or to be in schools with white children. Warren wrote that schools segregated by race were unconstitutional reversed the earlier Plessy vs. Ferguson. -
Montogomery Bus Boycott
African Americans were forbidden from sitting in the first few rows in the bus. The leaders of this movement were mainly Martin Luther King Jr and Rosa Parks. This movement created hardships for blacks because they were dependent on buses to get to work. -
SCLC
SCLC stands for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. The African American community chose Martin Luther King Jr as the leader. This group was open to all races and faiths. They promoted nonviolent actions and peaceful protests. -
Little Rock Nine
The Little Rock Nine attended Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Governor Orval Faubus violated a federal court order to integrate the high school. The white citizens harassed these nine students. The National Guard prevented them from entering the school but President Eisenhower sent federal troops to guard them so they can get into school. -
Greensboro, North Carolina Sit In
Four African American students began a sit in of their own after ordering coffee at a lunch counter. They were denied service because they were not white. The next day, they came back with even more people. This movement influenced the Southern states to this peaceful protest. -
SNCC
SNCC stood for Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. This committee was full of nonviolent protesters. The sit in leaders, like the four students who actually contributed to this event, organized this group. This was a student civil rights organization. -
Freedom Riders
Freedom riders were activists who challenged segregation in bus terminls in the South. These people experienced mild harassement. After every single stop, the African American riders would go into the white only waiting rooms, restrooms and other luxury spots. -
Voter Education Project (VEP)
The groups that found the VEP were SNCC, CORE and etc. This project registered southern African Americans to vote. Several marches were happening during this movement. The marchers were attacked by mobs or broken up by the police. Project workers were often and routinely were beaten or jailed. -
Twenty Fourth Amendment
The twenty fourth amendment banned states from taxing citizens to vote. Many southern states required these poll taxes as a way to keep African Americans from voting. Tax was not based on gender or race, it was unconstitutional. -
Executive Order 11063
This Executive Order prohibits discrimination in the sale, leasing, rental, or other disposition of properties and facilities owned or operated by the federal government or provided with federal funds. The order was signed by President John F Kennedy. So this means it thereby bans segregation in federally funded housing. -
Birmingham, Alabama
In 1963, Martin Luther King Jr was arrested for using his most famous method. The method was civil disobedience. When people weren't willing to risk their jobs and going to jail, Martin Luther King Jr urged the kids to help. Thousands of students skipped school one day and marched. Bull Conner used dogs and fire hoses to react on the demonstrators. -
Medgar Evers
Medgar Evers was the head of NAACP in Mississippi. He was murdered hours after Kennedy's speech. Because it was right after his speech, it helped put the president's concerns into sharp focus. Medgar Evers died by getting shot dead in his front yard by Byron De La Beckwith. Byron was found not guilty in his first few trials. But in 1994, he was convicted and sentenced life in prison. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington was for jobs and freedom for the African American community. This movement was the largest civil rights demonstration ever held in the United States. Martin Luther King Jr was one of many speakers. He delivered his very famous speech "Free at Last". 200,000 to 300,000 people attended this march which was organized by SNCC. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This civil rights act banned discrimination in public accomodations, outlawed unequal voting requirements, barred discrimination in employment based on race, gender, religion or national origin, established the equal employment opportunity commission, and applied federal power to speed integration of schools. -
Freedom Summer
When school let out, hundreds of volunteers gathered at an Ohio college to train for a project called Freedom Summer. The students that volunteered were mainly white. These volunteers were trained to register voters or teach at summer school. The students they usually helped were African Americans. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This voting rights act was passed in congress by large minorities. Martin Luther King Jr, James Farmer, Rosa Parks, and other civil rights leaders attended the presidents signing ceremony on August 6th. This act gave the federal government powerful tools which broke down barriers for African American peoples voting rights.
