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The American Civil war began in 1861 when Confederate warships bombarded Union soldiers at Fort Sumter, South Carolina.
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http://www.history.com/news/10-surprising-civil-war-factsThe American Civil war began on April 12, 1861, and lasted until April 9, 1865.
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President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclomation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached the third year of the civil war. The proclomation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
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The American Civil war ended in spring 1865, when Robert E. Lee surrendered the last major Confederate army to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.
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The Jim Crow laws and etiquette were established in 1877. Jim Crow was a way of life for peoplein the 18 and 1900's. Under Jim Crow, African Americans were considered second class citizens. Jim Crow represented the legitimization of anti-black racism.
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in 1877, Jim crow is established, and in 1954, Jim crow is no longer used.
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Ida B Wells, a 21 year old black woman, took a seat aboard a train. The conductor demanded she went to the car designated for blacks, and she refused. The conductor grabbed her arm, and Wells bit his hand.
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Wells sued the Chesapeake, Ohio, and Southwestern Railroad in 1884 for violating the equal accomodation rights and won. But later was overturned by the Tennesee Supreme court for the "Seperate but Equal"
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The Seperate Car Act was a law passed by the Louisiana State Legislature in 1890 which required "equal, but seperate" train cars for blacks and whites.
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http://sproutvideo.com/videos/189bd8bd111feac890?type=hdon april 13, 1896, the supreme court had a decision saying that as long as seperate things for blacks and whites were the same, it was equal. "seperate but equal"
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In 1910, Ida B Wells established the Negro Fellowship League to assist poor black migrants streaming into Chicago from the rural south.
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In 1954, the Jim Crow laws and etiquette stopped being used by Americans.
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On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a bus, and was then arrested. Parks is known as "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement".
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https://ia600402.us.archive.org/29/items/MLKDream/MLKDream_64kb.mp3Martin Luther King Jr's "I have a dream" speech is announced to the public on the steps of the lincoln memorial during the march on washington. In his speech, he described his dreams of freedom and equality arising from a land of slavery and hatred.
