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Civil right movement was a political and revolutionary movement against racism and segregation in United States from 1954 to 1968. Here some following events that took place during this movement
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In the mid-1950s, the civil rights movement gained national attention in the United States and continued into the 1960s to fight racial segregation and discrimination. U.S. on May 17, 1954 In the Brown v. Education Board of Topeka case, the Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation was illegal in public schools. The decision effectively reversed the "separate but equal" decision of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).
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African American civil rights leader Rosa Parks declined to give up her seat to a white passenger on a public bus on December 1, 1955. A prolonged bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, was sparked by her subsequent detention. The protest, led by Martin Luther King, Jr., then a young local pastor, began on December 5 and was so successful that it was expanded indefinitely.
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Freedom rides held in 1961 testing the supreme court's ruling the case of Boynton v. Virginia in which group of six whites and seven African American were board on two buses for New Orleans to honor the seventh anniversary of Brown V. board of education. When the first bus reached to Alabama a group of 200 white surrounded and act violently. This act cause lots of violence but it also drew people attention to end the segregated interstate bus travel.
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Birmingham campaign was a movement led Southern Christian Leadership Conference to show the efforts of local black leaders in Birmingham and Alabama to to end segregation public facilities. This movement was led by Martin Luther King. During this protest the police and fire departments were ordered to set high pressure water hoses and attack dogs. Eventually this campaign reached a local reform agreement, tensions remained high in the region.
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The 1963 protests began on August 28 with the March on Washington for Jobs and Equality to oppose violations of civil rights and inequality in employment. At the National Mall in Washington, D.C., a crowd of around 250,000 people gathered peacefully to listen to speeches by civil rights activists, especially Martin Luther King, Jr .March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Luther King offers his “I Have A Dream” speech at the Lincoln Memorial.
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July 2, 1964: President Lyndon B. Johnson signs into law the 1964 Civil Rights Act, banning racism in jobs due to race, color, sex, religion or national origin. Title VII of the Act sets up the U.S. Commission of Equal Employment Opportunity (EEOC) to help prevent discrimination in the workplace. This was a victory for the civil rights movement.
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Around 600 civil rights marchers walk to Selma, Alabama, to Montgomery, the state capital, in the Selma to Montgomery March in protest of the silencing of Black voters. Local police block them and assault them brutally. Martin Luther King and other civil rights activists led two more marches after successfully battling in court for their freedom to march, eventually reaching Montgomery on March 25.
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Watts Riots, was a large series of riots in the predominantly Black Watts community in Los Angeles that broke out on August 11, 1965. The Watts Uprising lasted six days, resulting in 34 deaths, 1,032 injuries and 4,000 arrests, affecting 34,000 people and ending in 1,000 buildings being demolished, with a total loss of $40 million.
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On 21 February 1965, while lecturing at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem, New York, the famous African American leader Malcolm X was assassinated. Malcolm X, a witty speaker, spoke about the civil rights movement, called for it to step beyond civil rights to human rights, and stated that orthodox Islam was the solution to racial problems. His Islamic name was Malik Shabazz
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Martin Luther King, Jr. was dead in Tennessee on April 4 1968 a happening that sent shock waves round the world. A founding father of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference King had the civil rights movement since the mid-1950s, employing a combination of speeches and nonviolent protests to fight segregation and come through important civil rights advances for African Americans. His assassination led to anger among Black Americans.
