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Plessy and Ferguson case was a landmark decision by the apex court of the US in 1894. This judgement upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation in public spaces on the basis of "separate but equal" doctrine.. after this judgement the separate treatment at public places in the form of accessibility and accommodation became a common practice. -
The NAACP was established in 1909 to fight for African-American justice. The mission's goal was to ensure that all people had fair access to political, educational, social, and economic opportunities, as well as to eradicate racial hatred and discrimination. The organization was established during the United States' gilded age, which lasted from the 1870s to 1900. In the United States, this was a time of rapid economic development, especially in the Midwest. -
The 19th Amendment, also known as the Anthony Amendment, granted women the right to vote on an equal basis with men. Women had to fight for the right to vote, let alone the right to do things their own way. Women started to speak up for themselves after the Nineteenth Amendment, realizing that the legislation could be changed and that they could fight for what they deserved. They gradually started to campaign for fundamental racial equality. -
Chicano movement emerged during 1960 to 1970 in the northwestern, southwestern, and midwestern region of the united states by mexican american farmworkers for our civil rights.The Chicano mural movement started in Mexican-American barrios throughout the Southwest in the 1960s. Mexican-American culture started to be depicted on the walls of city houses, housing projects, classrooms, and churches. Was present from 1940's to 1970s -
Executive order 9981 ended separation in the US Armed Forces "based on race, shading, religion, or public source," and ended isolation in the administrations during the Korean War. It was a pivotal moment in the development of post-World War II social equality, as well as a significant achievement of Truman's presidency. -
Brown v. Board of Education was one of the most significant Supreme Court cases of the twentieth century. Mr. Brown filed a lawsuit against the school's prejudice and requested that everyone be treated equally. Previously, schools were divided into categories, with white students attending one school and black students attending another.Mr. Brown, on the other hand, insisted that there be no discrimination in schools based on skin color. The Supreme Court ruled in Mr. Brown's favor -
Emmett Till's lynching is yet another example of white supremacy. Emmett was assassinated after the white majority claimed he had a picture of a white girl when, in fact, he never did. The accusation was false, but there was nothing the minority black people could do about it. -
This all started when Rosa Parks refused to give her seat to a white passenger and was sent to jail. This triggered many boycotts across America which in the end became successful. This boycott lasted 381 days and ended with a supreme court ruling that declared that Montgomery segregation laws on buses were unconstitutional. This incident gained Martin Luther King a lot of spotlight. -
Following the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1957, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. founded the SCLC. It emphasized nonviolent action and civil disobedience, with projects such as desegregating public stores in Birmingham, Alabama, and marching from Selma to Montgomery to protest voting rights denial. -
The "Little Rock Nine," as the nine teenagers were nicknamed, were the first African American students to enroll at Little Rock's Central High School. Little Rock's school board had pledged to desegregate its schools voluntarily three years prior, following the Supreme Court ruling. For the community, this concept was explosive, and it was fraught with anger and bitterness, as it was for much of the South. -
Four African-American students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University sat at a white-only lunch counter inside a Woolworths store in Greensboro, North Carolina, on February 1, 1960. While other sit-ins had taken place across the country, the Greensboro sit-in sparked a nationwide wave of nonviolent protest against private-sector segregation. -
The SNCC was a student-led protest group that focused on more direct-action protests such as sit-ins and marches in the early 1960s. In 1964, it aided in the planning of Freedom Summer. The group eventually split into two factions, one that maintained its nonviolent stance and the other that became more radical, feeding into the Black Panther movement. -
Hundreds of civil rights demonstrators known as Freedom Riders opposed racial discrimination in interstate transportation in the United States during the Civil Rights Movement. The 1961 Freedom Rides were a revolutionary movement in which black and white citizens refused to sit in their assigned bus seats in protest of segregation.The bus was divided into two parts, with blacks in the front and whites in the back, as is customary. -
Cesar Chavez was a farm worker, labor leader, and civil rights activist who was instrumental in the formation of the National Farm Workers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers. He worked to unionize migrant farm workers and improve their working conditions. Ps: 1962 was when he formed the National Farm workers association so that the date i used. -
Arguably the most important written text of the civil rights movement is Martin Luther King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail." In a campaign that was primarily based on deeds and spoken words, the letter acted as a concrete, reproducible account of the long path to freedom. Despite its pragmatic and hasty beginnings, the document has become a classic piece of protest literature. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which abolished segregation in public places and banned job discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, is regarded as one of the civil rights movement's crowning legislative achievements. The act also created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to prevent discrimination in the work place. -
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark federal law that forbids racial discrimination in voting in the United States. The act is regarded as the most powerful piece of federal civil rights legislation ever passed in the United States, according to the US Department of Justice.This sought to remove legal obstacles at the state and local levels that prohibited African Americans from exercising their constitutional right to vote, as guaranteed by the 15th Amendment. -
The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense was a Black Force political organization formed in Oakland, California in October 1966 by understudies Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton. Between 1966 and 1982, the party was active in the United States, with chapters in a number of major cities and international chapters in England and Algeria. -
Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in a Memphis hotel on April 4, 1968. James Earl Ray was a white man who despised the growing presence of African-Americans in society. The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. sparked new protests around the world, as both blacks and whites mourned the tragic death of a charismatic leader. -
The American Indian Movement (AIM) is a Native American grassroots movement that began in Minneapolis, Minnesota to resolve structural problems of poverty and police violence against Native Americans. AIM quickly expanded its attention from urban concerns to include many Indigenous Tribal issues that Native American groups have faced as a result of settler colonialism in the Americas, such as treaty rights, high unemployment rates, education, and Indigenous culture preservation.