Civil Right Movement

The Civil Rights Movement

Period: Jan 1, 1946 to Dec 31, 1971

White Primary abolished in GA

Apr 1, 1946

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_primary](http://<a href=')' ><a href='' > White Primary's were primary elections in the southern area of America.
Used to keep blacks from voting after the civil war.
It basically ment there was no point for blacks to vote.
The supreme court originally said it was constitutional.

Integration of the Armed Forces

Jul 26, 1948

http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=84</a> Truman passed a law integrating all of the armed forces. Executive Order 9981 stated that "there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed forces without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

Brown .vs. Board of Education

May 17, 1954

http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/brown-v-board/timeline.html</a> The Supreme Court reviewed P.v.F and they said that it violated the 14th amendment. In 1950 a seven year old black student tried to enroll in an all white school in Topeka, Kansas. When denied the NAACP helped her father sue the Topeka Board of Education. The case was refered as the "Brown vs. Board of Education."

The Murder of Emmett Till

Aug 28, 1955

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmett_Till</a>Roy Bryant heard that Emmett had asked a 21 year old white girl (Carolyn Bryant) on a date. He got one of his friends and that night found him and put him in his truck and drove to several different locations and beat him at all of them when they were done they shot him by a river.

Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Dec 1, 1955

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Parks</a>5:30pm Thursday. Rosa Parks, a black seamstress was tired from a long day of work. She got on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. At a stop six white passengers got on the bus. Because there were not enough open seats in the white section the driver ordered all blacks to move to the back. 3 rose to move but Mrs. Parks stayed where she was. Her trial was set for the 5th.

Change to the Georgia State Flag

Jan 1, 1956

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)</a>The state flag had had a confederate battle flag on the right of it and the GA state seal on the left. Other people found it offensive because the emblem was originally adopted after the American Civil War period in 1956 during the height of the fight for desegregation during the Civil Rights Movement. It surprisingly was the flag till 2001.

Crisis at Central High School and Little Rock Nine

Sep 1, 1957

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine</a>They are a group of students who were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. On their first day of school troops from the Arkansas National Guard would not let them in the school and they were followed by groups of people making threats to hang them.On September 24 1957 the President ordered the 101st Airborne Division of the Army to Little Rock High and got control of the Arkansas National Guard.

Bombing of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL

Oct 12, 1958

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Hebrew_Benevolent_Congregation_Temple</a>
The reform temple was bombed in the morning hours of October 12, 1958. An explosion with about as much power as 50 sticks of dynomite blew a hole in the side wall. The temple was one of Atlanta's oldest and wealthiest temples. No one was injured in the bombing even though it caused massive damage to the temple.

Sit-ins begin at Greensboro NC

Feb 1, 1960

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greensboro_sit-ins</a>At the begining of Febuary 4 students sat at a bar counter at "Woolworth's" store in Greensboro NC. Following the law the servers didn't serve the people. They eventually left when the store closed. The next day more than 20 people joined and on the 3rd day 60 people sat. By the 4th day over six hundred people came. The event was shared with america on the news. Eventually people along the coastal south were doing it as well.

The Sibley Commission

Apr 28, 1960

http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2617&hl=y</a>In 1960 Governor Ernest Vandiver Jr. to decide either to close public schools or complying the a federal order to desegregate them. The commities job was to gather data from the states residents. They later Desegregated.

Freedom Rides

May 4, 1961

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_riders</a>Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and following years to test the United States Supreme Court decisions. The Freedom Riders challenged this status law by riding various forms of public transportation in the South to challenge laws that enforced segregation. They national attention about local police and their crullety with "blacks" in southren america.

Integration of The University of Georgia

Oct 1, 1961

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Georgia</a>Racial integration started in 1961 with the acceptence of Hamilton E. Holmes and Charlayne Hunter. Even though Hunter and Holmes were the first African-American students to get into UGA, Mary Frances Early became the first African-American to graduate by earning her master’s degree in music education in 1962. In 1963, Chester Davenport was the 1st African-American accepted by the UGA School of Law.

The Albany Movement

Nov 17, 1961

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany_Movement</a>Local activists, the "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee" (SNCC), and the "National Association for the Advancement of Colored People" (NAACP) were participating in the movement. The movement was led by William G. Anderson, a local black Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine. In December 1961, Martin Luther King, Jr and the "Southern Christian Leadership Conference" (SCLC) became involved.

The Birmingham Protest/Campaign

Mar 4, 1963

www.wikipedia.org/birmingham_protest
The Birmingham campaign was a tactical activity organized by the "SCLC" to get attention to the uncivilized treatment that black Americans faced in Birmingham. The protest ran during the spring of 1963 getting publicized meetings between black youth and white authorities that eventually forced the municipal government to change the city's discrimination laws. Organizers led by Martin Luther King Jr. used nonviolent tactics to defy laws they considered unfair.

The Assassination of Medgar Evers

Jun 12, 1963

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medgar_Evers</a>A little while later after JFK's speach on National Television, Medgar Evers came home from a "NAACP" Meeting with layers he got out of his car carrying a t-shirt that read "Jim Crow Must Go" He was hit in the back by a Enfield 1917 bullet that ricosheyed into his home he limped 30 feet before he collapsed. He died 50 minutes later at a hospital.

The March on Wasington for Jobs and Freedom

Aug 28, 1963

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom</a>"The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom" was one of the largest political events for human rights in United States history and asked for civil and economic rights for African Americans. It took place in Washington, D.C. on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his renemberable "I Have a Dream" speech at the Lincoln Memorial at the event. The march was created by a group of civil rights, labor, and religious organizations called the "Big Six".

16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham bombing

Sep 15, 1963

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing</a>Bobby Frank Cherry, Thomas Blanton, Herman Frank Cash, and Robert Chambliss members of a Ku Klux Klan group put dynamite with a timer under the stairwell of the church close to the the basement. At about 10:22 a.m. When children were going into the assembly room to get ready for the sermon when the bomb exploded. Four girls Addie Mae Collins(age14)Denise McNair(age11)Carole

Robertson(age14)and Cynthia Wesley(age14)were killed. The explosion blew a hole in the church's rear wall.

The John Fitzgerald Kennedy Assasination

Nov 22, 1963

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JFK</a>While on a political trip to Texas to smooth over frictions in the Democratic Party he was shot once in the upper back and killed with a final shot to the head. He was taken to Parkland Hospital for medical treatment but pronounced dead. LHO was arrested on charges for the murder of a local police officer and was charged with the assassination of Kennedy. He denied shooting anyone but was killed by Jack Ruby on November 24 before he could be tried. Ruby was then convicted of murder of LHO.

The murder of three civil rights workers

Jun 21, 1964

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_civil_rights_workers_murders</a>The lynching took place a little bit after midnight were a subset of the KKK found the three men(James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, & Michael Schwerner). The KKK drove the three men to an isolated area. Where they shot Goodman and Schwerner in the heart and then beat Chaney and later shot him. The KKK buried the men and put a bulldozer over them.

Civil Rights Act 1964 Passed

Jul 2, 1964

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964</a>The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a piece of legislation in the United States that denied forms of discrimination against African Americans and women. It terminated unequal rules of voting requirements and segregation in schools, at the jobsite and by Public facilities. The eurge to enforce the act was initially weak but were enforced more during later years. The Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson.

The Selma to Montgomery Marches

Mar 7, 1965

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches</a>The first march "bloody tuesday" 600 civil rights activist marchers were attacked by state and local police with clubs and tear gas. the next tuesday 2500 protestors turned around at the Edmund Pettus bridge. On March 16 the protestors averaged 10 miles a day. They were guarded by 2000 soldiers of the army, 1900 alabama national guard and countless US martials and FBI agents. They made it to Mongomery on March 24 1965, and the capitol the next day.

Voting Rights Act of 1965 passed

Aug 6, 1965

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act</a>This Act mimicked the 15th amemandt. It basically says than it is illegal to enforce "voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure ... to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color." Congress ment for this to take out the literacy test for voting. The Act was signed into law by LBJ.

Summerhill Race Riot (Atlanta)

Dec 31, 1965

In the 60's Summerhill was mostly inhabited by african americans who were lower class. In the middle of the 1960s a riot happened in Summerhill because a black man was shot by police. This shooting put the residents into civic action which started in the formation of a neighborhood organization, the "Summerhill Neighborhood Inc."(SNI).

MLK jr. assasination

Apr 4, 1968

www.wikipedia.org/Martin_Luther_King_Jr/assassination
MLK Jr was assassinated at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis on April 4, 1968 at the age of 39. On June 10 1968, James Earl Ray was arrested in London at Heathrow Airport, and transported to the United States, and charged with the assassination. On March 10, 1969 Ray was sentenced to 99 years in the Tennessee state penitentiary. Ray later died in prison.

All GA schools integrated

Mar 3, 1971

http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/unit-9-timeline--8</a>GA schools started to integrate in 1961 but it was a extremely slow process. 16 years after the Brown v. Board of Education ruling, every school was finally integrated. The court order of 1970 was the deciding blow and every school became integrated after it.