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Children were often seen as miniature adults and were expected to contribute to their family's survival through work and other responsibilities. -
Childhood began to be recognized as a distinct phase of life, but many children were still expected to work and contribute to their families -
The concept of childhood as a time of innocence and play began to emerge, and children's literature and toys were developed specifically for them. -
The Industrial Revolution led to the exploitation of child labor in factories, mines, and other industries, sparking efforts to improve working conditions for children. -
The Progressive Era in the United States brought about a renewed focus on the well-being of children, with child labor laws, compulsory education laws, and the establishment of juvenile courts. -
The post-World War II era saw the rise of the nuclear family and an emphasis on children's emotional and psychological needs, as well as the development of child psychology and child psychiatry.
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The 1970s and 1980s brought about a backlash against overprotective parenting and a focus on children's rights and independence.
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Technology has had a major impact on childhood, with children growing up in an increasingly digital world and facing new challenges related to social media, cyberbullying, and online safety. There is also growing concern about the effects of climate change and environmental degradation on the well-being of future generations.