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450 BCE
ANCIENT ROME
Education was for free citizens, "Ludus" or elementary school was for boys and girls, but after that, it was believed that girls should not know about philosophies or other content. Thanks to the , boys had new duties and responsibilities and the the way a children is raised takes value. -
384 BCE
GREECE
It was believed that education must be adapted to human nature. Aristoteles showed great interest in education, said that it should contribute to the formation of free men. The male child must receive an informal education (reading and writing) and a formal education (philosophy, science). In addition, children were prepared for war. -
299
I, II Y III
Children in this age are considered sacred because they come from the marriage, which is also sacred. -
700
V -X
Parents own their children, so they can be negotiated and sold. The adult life began since they're 7 years old, the childhood was hard on them thanks to the illnesses and the lack of food, reasons why the mortality of children was very high and few of them were able to became adults. -
1200
XI - XV
Few children could have access to education, it was only given to prepare them to serve God. The child is thought to be a perverse being that has to be disciplined and punished.
It is believed that childhood is a lower state in which it must be reformed to pass to the higher state of being an adult, also, that child development does not depend on love and that the child owes absolute obedience to his father -
XVII - XVIII
Some writers began to express an interest in children and their education and thanks to the Industrial Revolution, it was not no longer necessary for them to work that much.
Childhood is not yet recognized as an important period. "There is no worse state, more vile and abject, after death, than childhood" - Abbé Bérulle.
The children of wealthy parents were raised by servants, until they were old enough to learn a job or go to school, there was no relationship between children and parents. -
Punishment
"That physical punishment is applied as many times as necessary because I can assure from my own experience that nothing has done me so much good in life" - Héroard -
XIX
People began to think that "the child is good by nature", that education should be considered important, that it should be adapted to the child and that it should not be strong. However, in many countries it was still thought that the child should be punished physically and publicly. -
Rights of the Child
The UN approves the Rights of the Child on November 20, 1959. Children have the rights to equality, without distinction as to race, religion or nationality, the right to have special protection, to a name and a nationality, to adequate food, shelter and medical care, to education, to the understanding and love of parents and society, the right to recreational activities and to be raised in a spirit of understanding, tolerance, friendship among people. -
XX
Parents help children in what they need, they are responsible of their education and they have to provide them with the respective necessary things as they grow, they have an interest in the child's thinking and feelings. Also, girls are recognized in education as well as children. -
Philippe Ariès
The book of the French Philippe Ariès, The Child and Family Life in the Old Regime, published in 1960, is considered as the pioneer on the study of the history of childhood. In his work, it is proposed to discover how the attitude of adults regarding childhood has been transformed over time, establishing a relationship between the history of education and social history. -
INFANT MORTALITY
As time goes by, the mortality rate has been decreasing -
NOWADAYS
It is recognized that children have both, same rights as adults, and additional ones because they are in a growing process. The child has the right to health, education and to play.
According to Escolano, the childhood is formed by 3 streams which are preservation, protection and schooling. -
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