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Darwin, Charles. JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES INTO THE NATURAL HISTORY AND GEOLOGY OF THE COUNTRIES VISITED DURING THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. BEAGLE ROUND THE WORLD, UNDER THE Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.A. 1845.
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Darwin's work that introduced the theory that populations evolve over natural selection over time a period of time. 1845.Darwin, Charles. On The Origin of Species. John Murray,
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Darwin, Charles. The Descent of Man. Vol. 1, John Murray, 1871.
Darwin, Charles. The Descent of Man. Vol. 2, John Murray, 1871. -
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Charles Darwin made great contributions to both the fields of science philosophy and evolutionary biology. While embarked on the H.M.S Beagle, Darwin researched Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology. This laid out a process of philosophical vision for empirical science. It included:
1. Investigate the animate and inanimate
2. Develop an accurate and comprehensive record
3. Must be limited to things that can be researched empirically.
4. Search the reason for introductions and extinctions. -
While onboard his voyage on the H.M.S Beagle, Darwin began to notice through various observations of fossils that life had changed through gradual transformation of species. He was adamant that he create a theory that utilized his readings of Lyell to argue this. This laid the groundwork for his future publishing On The Origin of Species.
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Four of his major contributions to evolutionary biology include:
- The nonconstancy of species
- The extensive branching of evolution is derived from a singular origin.
- Evolution is gradual.
- The driving force for evolution was natural selection.
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Instead one constructs a historical narrative, consisting of a tentative reconstruction of the particular scenario that led to the events one is trying to explain. Another propellant of Darwin's work is the conclusion that biology has a dual nature. They are governed by Physics and Chemistry within a program known as our DNA.
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Darwin;s theory did not come without some refutations. Some of the thoughts that people have argued against evolution are:
- Probability and chance
- The nature, power, and scope of selection.
- Selection, adaptation, and teleology
- Nominalism and essentialism
- The tempo and modality of evolution.