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Robert Peel Known for 3 influential factors of American Policing; first tradition of limited police authority, local control of law enforcement agencies, and decentralized and fragmented system of law enforcement. This era of policing had a sheriff and a constable who volunteered to prevent crime. -
Colonial America Policing Colonial policing had constables, sheriffs, and the watch which is similar to modern day police officers. Colonial law enforcement was corrupt, and these 3 crime prevention strategies were unsuccessful in preventing crime. Maintaining control and order of individuals was difficult in this time period. -
American Modern Policing
The First Modern American Police was formed in Boston Massachusetts in 1838. Officers did not have uniforms of firearms/weapons of any kind. Enforced a crime prevention initiative, visible patrol over fixed beats, and a military organization structure. Some of these practices are still used today. -
Police Reform In the Political era, politics began influencing who was hired and corruption followed. Lack of education and present criminal records plagued law enforcement. Given no training, and no job security. Policing was used as patronage by politicians. Bribes and corruption were heavily seen. This began a police reform. -
Professional Era of Policing The professional era focused on creating a structured and standard based profession of policing. Creating specialized units, a command system, and less political interference. Policing began to use accountability and transparency and less corruption. August Vollmer, the father of modern policing, changed hiring practices and enforced better training. -
Police Crisis in 1960 1960 began the tension between police and the African American community. After a black was killed by a white NYPD officer, riots began. Civil rights movements began, and the criticism of police was never-ending. The push for community policing reforms began, and policies on use of force. Supreme court ruled to enforce new training and supervisor procedures. -
New Developements In the 1970s, there were several new advances of technology, stricter law enforcement strategies, and more punishment over assistance or rehabilitation. Police unions began forming, and racial profiling started up ticking. Policing saw a more diverse population and gender reforms began seeing change. -
Police Crisis National Police Crisis was harsh feedback and criticism from the public. The Black Lives Matter movement began after 202 when a George Floyd was wrongfully killed by police brutality. Nationwide protests and riots continued. New laws were in place, and police reform legislation started. Police accountability was needed, and use of force was taken a closer look into. -
The restorative era connects to Chp 3s contemporary law enforcement industry because engaging in the community has evidence-based research to support how it restores relationships with police. Data and research provide insight into desperate communities and where resources are needed. Similar to Chp 3,, community policing allows a collaboration of citizens and police to seek out information on crime happening and trends that occur. -
My Restorative Era is the future of policing because there is a need to focus on community driven relations in order to maintain public order and information about crime from the public. 5 Factors that led to this choice were the history of police brutality and systemic inequalities, accountability needed by police, new technology to assist in crime prevention, using street outreach to address crime populated areas, and early intervention.