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Cesars Birth
When Gregorio Sandino and Margarita Calderon encountered, Cesar Sandino was born on in Niquinohomo, Nicaragua. As he was growing older, he dealt with his mothers hardships and had to steal food to feed her. -
Growing Up
As Cesar Sandino was getting older, he was starting to be forced to work in the fields with his mother. He said that he never had the comfort of his mother’s company because he was left at home to look after his siblings when she worked as a domestic servant. -
Cesar At 26
At age 26, he was attacked and he tried to kill Dagoberto Rivas, the son of a prominent conservative townsman, who had made disparaging comments about his mother. Cesar fled to Honduras, then to Guatemala and eventually Mexico, where he found work at a Standard Oil refinery near the port of Tampico. -
Renaming and Re-targeting
Later, Sandino took the more official title of: Augusto César Sandino and renamed his insurgents, "The Army in Defense of the National Sovereignty of Nicaragua". Efforts by the Marines to kill or capture Sandino over the summer failed. -
Represenatives
Representatives from the two warring factions signed the Espino Negro accord, negotiated by Henry L. Stimson, appointed by the U.S. President Calvin Coolidge as a special envoy to Nicaragua. Under the terms of the accord, both sides agreed to disarm, Díaz would be allowed to finish his term, and a new national army would be established, to be called the Guardia Nacional (National Guard). U.S. soldiers were to remain in the country to supervise the upcoming November presidential election. -
Attacks And Succsesses
Sandino's followers attacked a patrol of U.S. Marines and Nicaraguan Guardia Nacional sent to apprehend him at the village of Ocotal. Armed primarily with machetes and 19th century rifles, they attempted to besiege the Marines, but were easily repulsed with the help of one of the first dive-bombing attacks in history, conducted by five Marine de Havilland biplanes. The Marine commander estimated that 300 of Sandino's men died. -
Escaping U.S. Aircraft
U.S. aircraft succeeded in locating El Chipote, Sandino's remote mountain headquarters east of San Albino Mine. But, when the Marines reached it, they found the quarters abandoned and guarded by straw dummies, Sandino and his followers having long since escaped. -
Summary of His Life
Cesar was a Nicaraguan revolutionary and leader of a rebellion against the U.S. military occupation of Nicaragua. He was also called a “bandit” by the US Government; his use made him a hero throughout much of Latin America, where he became a symbol of resistance to United States' authority. At this time he also got married to a polite girl named Blanca Arauz, a young telegraphist of the village of San Rafael del Norte, Jinotega. (1927-1933) -
Locating Sandino's War Base
U.S. Marines successfully located Sandino's war base in Quilali and though they were ambushed in their approach, the American and Nicaraguan troops had no trouble in routing the 400 rebels under the leadership of Francisco Estrada. The Marines lost one man while killing 20. Sandino's own nature for over-exaggeration was evident in his personal report of the events. -
Earthquake Helps Sandino
An earthquake destroyed Managua, killing over 2,000 people. The disruption and losses due to the earthquake weakened the central government and gave Sandino leverage to revive his fight with the Americans. Over the summer of 1931, Sandinista bands were active in every department north of Managua, conducting raids into the southern and western parts of the country, the departments of Estelí, León and Chontales. -
Cesar Sandinos Death
Cesar Sandino was assassinated in Managua, Nicaragua by National Guardsmen. The Guardsmen brushed aside Sandino's father and Salvatierra. They took Sandino, his brother Socrates, and his two generals to a crossroads section in La Reynaga and executed them.The following day the National Guard attacked Sandino's army in force and, over a month, destroyed all of it.
