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The Break with Rome
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Proposal list written by Martin Luther that mark the start of the European Reformation
http://reverendluther.org/pdfs/The_Ninety-Five_Theses.pdf -
Publication of the New Testament translated in English by William Tyndale. -
After the act in Restraint of Appeals, Henry VIII annulled his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and married Ann Boleyn -
The king was made “Supreme Head of the Church of England”
Separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church -
Rebellions in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire that last 6 months (ended in 1537). They demanded the restoration of the pope Mary Tudor as succession. -
The young King
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Book of authorized prayers -
The Catholic Restoration
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The poverty increased due to the rise in population, land enclosures, dissolution of monasteries and the Reformation (charity wasn’t a duty anymore). So in 1553, 1597 and 1601 laws were passed to help the «deserving poor».
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Over 200 protesters went to the stake.
That's what earned her the nickname Bloody Mary. -
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- She became “ Supreme Governor of the Church of England”
- abolished the authority of the pope
- restored the authority of the queen over the Churched
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- every parish had to use the book of common prayer
- people who did not attend an anglican service were fined
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She was excommunicated by the pope Pius V -
Written between 1536 and 1571
State the doctrine of the Church -
Young Catholics had sworn to kill Elizabeth and put Mary Stuart on the throne. Their strategies were discovered by Francis Walsingham, when he managed to decipher a coded letter between Marie Stuart and this group. -
After the Babington plot, Mary Stuart was convicted for complicity and sentence to death.
She was wearing a red dress : the color of Catholic martyrs. -
Spain attempted to invade England via a Naval battle. England won thanks to a material and men advantage.
It was during this battle that Queen Elizabeth gave the speech to the Troops at Tilbury. -
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A Conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up Parliament and kill James I.
The conspiracy was a failure and Guy Fawkes, who was keeping watch outside parliament was sentenced to death. -
Financial reform that state that the king would receive fixed some. The House of the common people refused to ratafied -
The war is due to the religious conflict initiated by the 16th-century Reformation within the Holy Roman Empire.
War between Catholic powers and Protestant powers (including England) over the throne of Bohemia, Germany -
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Wanted to get Charles I to recognize there was limits to his power (illegality of Extra-parliament taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial) -
Declared that whoever tried to brig in “Popery or Arminianism” or to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy of the kingdom. As well as anyone advising the king to collect custom duties without Parliament’s consent -
Also called the “eleven years Tyranny”, period of time during which the King Charles I ruled over England without calling the parliament
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Rebellion that started by a riot in St Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh after Archbishop Laud tried to impose Arminianism in Scotland (Calvinism). Soon Scotland and England both form an army and declared war : The Bishops’ War
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Irish Catholics rebelled against the plantation policy. 3000/4000 Protestants were massacred. A rumor spread saying that 200 000 Protestant had been violently massacred which fulled the anti-Catholic sentiment. -
Document voted by the Parliament which summarized all the wrong doing of the Charles I. It also concluded revolutionary demands : the right for the Parliament to control any army sent to Ireland, to reform the Church and to choose the King’s ministers(HC). Divided the Parliament between the Royalists and the Parliamentarians. -
Charles I marched into the House of Commons with troops and attempted to arrest five members of Parliament. This failed and fearing for his life he left London. -
War between the Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and the Royalist (Cavaliers). After the battle of Naseby (June 1645), the king surrendered to the Scots. With the New model army, the Parliamentarians won this first civil war.
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The Parliament didn’t pay their army which led to mutiny and the capture of the King by the soldiers. The King escaped and allied himself with the Scots. Royalist were easily defeated. -
Led by Irish Catholics, it was crushed by Cromwell troops. This repression was particularly violent killing men, women and children. (Ex : Drogheda massacre, Wexford massacre) -
Monarchy and House of Lords is abolished, the Commonwealth is declared. Ruled as a republic with Oliver Cromwell as head of the Commonwealth.
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Was put on trial for high treason and decapitated -
Charles II, son of Charles I and king of Scotland raised a Scottish army to invade England. This army was crushed by Cromwell and Charles II fled. -
England’s first and only written constitution -
A military dictatorship with Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector from 1653 to 1658.
Had a Parliament of 460 members elected every 3 years and a Council of state composed of 13 to 21 members who served for life. -
After the declaration of Breda issued by Charles II which promised a general amnesty, to continue religious tolerance and to share power with Parliament if monarchy was restored. -
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All minister had to swear to conform to the book of Common Prayers -
The popish plot in 1678, a rumour of a plot divided by the French aiming to murder Charles II and place James II, his Catholics brother and rightfully heir, on the throne.
The exclusion crisis between 1679 and 1681 when the Parliament tried to debar James II from the succession to the English throne. After what Charles II dissolved the Parliament. -
James II was king for three years when his wife gave birth to a son (a male heir).
In reaction to that, the Parliament invited William of orange, the husband of James II’s Protestant daughter Mary. He landed with an army but no blood was shed and became King William III joint with Mary. -
A key political text, listing King James’ misdeeds, fixing limitations on the sovereign’s power, setting out the rights of Parliament and some basics civil rights -
Ensured a Protestant succession (ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs) -
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The Scottish Parliament was disbanded and they gained 45 seats in the House of Commons along with 16 seats in the House of the Lord.