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Robert Hooke describes the first studies of cells
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Proteins are discovored as the building blocks of life.
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A Danish bacteriologist most well known for having developed a method, called Gram staining, to quickly identify two different large groups of bacteria which is now common in histology and microbiology. Bacteria that absorb the stain which turn purple are known as Gram positive bacteria, and those that do not absorb the stain which might be coloured pink with a counterstain are labelled as Gram negative.
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An American physician, Herrick discovered the blood disease sickle-cell anemia. This was the first disease found to have a genetic cause.
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Oscar Hertwig, Albrecht von Kolliker, Eduard Strasburger, and August Weismann independently show the cell's nucleus contains the basis for inheritance.
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An American geneticist, Morgan discovered the role chromosomes play in heredity based on investigations into Drosophilia, the fruit fly.
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Ernst Haeckel, German biologist and philosopher, proposes the cell nucleus contains factors responsible for the transmission of hereditary traits.