-
15,000 BCE
7.
Powder Chrysanthemums (China) -
Period: 15,000 BCE to
Bioech events and discoveries
-
9000 BCE
6.
Humans domesticate crops and livestock. Potatoes first cultivated for food -
2000 BCE
24.
Biotech used to leaven bread and ferment beer. Production of cheese, fermentation of wine begins.
Answer: Greece
Naturally Occurring yeats -
500 BCE
37.
Moldy soybean curds (tofu) used to treat boils (China)
Answer: important because it shows that even from ancient times, we have been trying to utilize matter in order to treat ourselves -
15.
The first complete synthesis of a gene occurs
Discovery of restriction enzymes that cut and splice genetic material very specifically occurs. -
30.
Leewenhoek discovers protozoa and bacteria -
9.
Edward Jenner takes pus from a cowpox lesion, inserts it into an incision on a boys arm -
29.
Proteins are discovered
First enzyme is discovered -
21.
Gregor Mendel discovers the laws of inheritance by studying flowers in his garden. The science of genetics begins. -
17.
Charles Darwin publishes the theory of evolution by natural selection. -
10.
Louis Pasteur develops a rebuttal of the theory of spontaneous generation. Now known as the father of microbiology.
Answer: He had a couple of flasks inside. He killed existing bacteria by heating up the broth. He then cracked on the flask and left the other. The unbroken flask was not in contact with the outside and thus nothing grew. -
4.
The Escherichia coli bacterium is discovered.
Answer: Scientists use it to store DNA sequences from other organisms, to produce proteins and to test protein function -
28.
The chromosome is discovered by Waldeyer.
Genes are linked with hereditary disorders. -
13.
Phages- viruses that only infect bacteria- are discovered -
38.
Sir Alexander Fleming discovers the antibiotic Pencillin by chance when he realizes that Penicillium mold kills bacteria. -
27.
DNA is proven to carry genetic information by Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty. -
1.
The first automatic protein sequencer is perfected.
An enzyme is synthesized in vitro for the first time. -
8.
James Watson and Francis Crick describe the double helical structure of DNA. Win the 1962 Nobel Prize in Medicine of Physiology with Maurice Walkins. -
5.
DNA is made in a test tube for the first time.
Sickle cell disease is shown to occur due to a change in one amino acid. -
2.
The amino acid sequence of insulin is discovered by Frederick Sanger.
Answer: It allows for reverse genetics. Parts of the protein can be constructed as well -
19.
The genetic code for DNA is cracked. -
11.
Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer perfect genetic engineering techniques to cut and paste DNA using restriction enzymes. -
14.
The first complete synthesis of a gene occurs
Discovery of restriction enzymes that cut and splice genetic material very specifically occurs.
Answer: It would lead to the ability to cut certain parts of genes. -
34.
Hernan Miller discovers that radiation causes defects in chromosomes. -
31.
Human embryonic stem cell lines are established.
They offer hope to many because they may be able to replace diseased or dysfunctional cells. -
3.
The first federally approved gene therapy treatment is performed successfully on a 4 year-old girl with ADA-SCID
Answer: Ashanthi DeSilva -
25.
The Human Genome Project- an international effort to map all of the genes in the human genome- is launched. -
16.
Scientists report the birth of Dolly
Answer: life can be made and that with just the genes. living organisms can be created -
12.
The first cloned pet-a kitten- is delivered to its owner
Answer: Copy Cat -
18.
The SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) virus is sequenced three weeks after its discovery. -
22.
NIH begins a 10 year, 10,000 patient study using a genetic test to predict breast cancer recurrence and guides treatment. The test was developed by the biotech company Genomic Health, and is already commercially available. -
32.
A recombinant vaccine against human papilomavirus (HPV) receives FDA approval
Answer: An infection that cause warts -
39.
2008-Trachea derived from stem cells transplanted into human recipient.
2017-Advances in 3D technology lead to "skin-printing"
2014-Advances in next generation sequencing enable human whole genome sequencing in less than one week for under $2000
2011- FDA approves the first cord blood therapy to be used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation procedures in patients with disorders affecting the hematopoietic (blood forming) system. -
26.
Researchers at the J. Craig Venter Institute create the first synthetic cell. -
40.
Scientists successfully adapt CRISPR-Cas9 for genome editing in eukaryotic cells
Answer: It further allows for DNA to be inserted or changed in some way