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Brown vs. Board of Education
The case of Brown vs. Board of Education (1954) is one that ended legal segregation in public schools. The final decision was made that segregation in public schools violated the Equal Protection Laws of the Fourteenth Amendment.
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html -
Little Rock Nine
Federal officers are sent to a school in Little Rock, Arkansas to enforce integration of once separated races. This decision by President Eisenhower was known as a definitive moment in the evolution of equality and education.
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/central-high-school-integration -
Ruby Bridges
Ruby Bridges was an African American first grader at an all white elementary school in her hometown. The school was called William Frantz and it was not far from her home. She even sat in a class by herself when the other parents and students chose not to be in a class with her.
http://www.ducksters.com/history/civil_rights/ruby_bridges.php -
Engel vs. Vitale
In this court case, it becomes illegal for any state official to say a prayer in public schools with intentions to be recited everyday. The case concluded that this action would impose of first amendment rights.
http://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/facts-and-case-summary-engel-v-vitale -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act
President Lyndon Johnson signs a "war on poverty bill. It provides federal funds for low-income students.
http://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/facts-and-case-summary-engel-v-vitale -
The Bilingual Education Act
This act is the first piece of legislation that shows a particular effort towards English Language Learners.
http://immigrationtounitedstates.org/379-bilingual-education-act-of-1968.html -
Diana vs. California State Board
This court case brought about new laws that required schools to test students that are considered "at risk" for a disability to be tested in their primary language. This was put in place to protect students that are struggling with language, not that they have a disability.
http://www.eds-resources.com/educationhistorytimeline.html -
IDEA 1975
This legislation makes it a point to give students considered to have a disability the equal opportunity to free and appropriate education.
http://www.parentcenterhub.org/repository/idea/ -
Larry P. vs. Riles
This case came to the conclusion that standardized IQ tests were having a negative effect on minorities, specifically African American students.
http://study.com/academy/lesson/larry-p-v-riles-summary-significance.html -
Board of Education vs. Rowley
This court case ruled that individualized decisions needed to be made on students based on their personal situation. Schools were in violation when only one criterion was considered.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Board-of-Education-of-the-Hendrick-Hudson-Central-School-District-v-Rowley -
IDEA 1990
Renamed Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1990. Students have a right to an individual education program (IEP).
https://www.education.com/reference/article/individuals-disabilities-education-act/ -
No Child Left Behind
This bill boosts the focus on students who may struggle with school due to a disability or language barrier. This bill was signed by George W. Bush.
http://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/no-child-left-behind-overview-definition-summary.html -
IDEA 2004
This is an update of the previous IDEA legislations, it is now a United States law that mandates equity, accountability and excellence in education for children with disabilities.
http://idea.ed.gov/explore?service=http%3A//idea.ed.gov/&gateway=true
