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Aug 3, 1492
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus did not discover America though t's what he's known for. The first voyage was August third, 1492. Columbus and his crew sailed on three ships: The Santa Maria, The Niña and the Pinta.Ferdinand and Isabella granted Columbus permission to go becuase they also wanted fortune. They signed a contract saying Columbus got 10% the rihes he found and a nobile title and governership anywhere he decides. -
Period: Aug 3, 1492 to
Timespan
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Jamestown
Jamestown was established in Virginia on May 14th, 1607. It was the first perminent British settlement in North America. After five months half of the colonists that arrived were dead. They were killed by foul water, disease, starvation and Indian attacks. The colonists were not even close to being prepared for the New World. After eight months 60 out of the 214 there once were, were the only ones left. Captain John Smith came to help and left after there were over 500 people. Only 60 lived. -
Mayflower
The Mayflower brought pilgrims from England to Plymouth Rock. There was 102 passengers and 26 crew members. The passengers had to live in the lower deck becuase the Mayflower was built for cargo, no humans. It took them 66 days to get to Cape Cod, where they spent thier first winter on board. Only 53 passengers and half of the crew survived winter. After settled the colony grew to 3,000 in the next 70 years. -
Puritains
Puritains were very religious. They came to New England in 1628.In Europe they had a lot of influence then a new king perecuted them. They established the Massachusets Bay colony. Then after meeting up with an abandoned colony re-naming it Salem. Anyone who didn't obey the law was kicked out. Anything not in the bible was not allowed. Some believed they were too strict and decided to leave and establish Connecticut others thought they were'nt strict enough and established New Hampshire. -
End of the French-Indian War
The war started in Pennsylvanis in 1753 and lastedseven years. The was shifted the balance of power. France wanted to extend into the Ohio territory but England didn't want that. The king wouldn't let them fight until the French made fort Duquesne. Afterwards, fort Necessity was built. In the end the Treaty of Paris was signed. It stated France had to give England all of Canada and half of Louisiana. Taxes were made to pay for the war. -
American Revolution
After the Treaty of Paris liberty spread, causing many places to revolt against thier leaders. Women were taught more and had more oppertunities since the war helped equalize the genders. Women still had no rights and there were still slaves.African Americans were allowed to have church serices but very early in the morning in a seperate church. -
Declaration of Independence
The second continental congress sent king George a letter saying if he kept dissrespecting thier rights they'd disown him.In the declaration the king was blamed for slavery.After some arguments from the south, the Declaratin was approved in 1776 on July 4th. Colonists separated themselves from England.w They decided to split up into states. -
Bill of Rights/ Constitution adapted and Washingtons Inauguration
George Washington took office in 1789 with John Adams as his vice president. They debated on what to call Washington since he had a higher title but ended up with Mr.President. he courts were organized with 6 justices, 5 associates and one chief justice.The amendment helped with the Bill of Wrights. Without it the Declaration of Independence wouldn't have been signed. -
Louisiana Purchase
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Growth of Manufacturing
Near the end of 1812 the market economy was based on cash and prices. An embargo that Jefferson started caused the Market Revolution, which helped local banks. The cotton gin also changed a lot. At first the main cash crops were tabacco, indigo and rice. Before the cotton gin was invented in 1793 cotton was not practical.Another accomplishment was the mechanical reaper that helped harvest wheat. The next thing to be invented was the steel plow which helped break matted soil. -
War of 1812
Jefferson retired and Madison was elected. Jefferson left Madison to deal with all his troubles like Indian attacks, a struggling economy and two wars. During the war the white house was burned down and two future presidents became heros. An achievement during the war was the Star Spangled Banner, writen during the battle of Fort Mchenry. It was often called the "Second war of independence." President Madison was not prepared to be in office with all the difficulties. -
Erie Canal
Dirt roads were used to get to the Market before canals were built. It was hard to move products from one place to another. In New York they wanted to make canals but the rivers were too rapid. In 1817 construction for a new canal started; connecting Buffalo, New York and Albany. They had to use picks and shovels because the machine for digging hadn't been built yet. It took 8 years to finish the 363 mile long canal. -
Jacksons Presidency
President Jackson was inaugrated on March fourth. He was the first president from west of the appalachian mountains and first-time voters helped with his votes the most. Jackson was afriad of the federal government and vetoed so much they called him King Andrew I. A tariff was a heavy tax on imports that helped the North but made the South pay more. -
The Alamo
After the Pueblo revot Spain cared less about controlling South America. Spain was losing power in Europe and South America took the chance and won independence from Spain after trying for 13 years. The treaty of Cordoba helped them gain independence. Next it was time for Texas to fight for independence. After a ban on slavery was established Texas decided to fight for independence. The war started in 1835 and lasted 13 days. In the end Texas won the war. -
Civil War
President Lincoln ordered McDowell to fight though the soldiers weren't ready. The poorly prepared army went to Virginia, not getting there for four days. They didn't know it but the Confederates were camped along Bull Run so the Union retreated. Americans saw the war wouldn't be an easy win. The North, however, were better prepared for war, they had an army and navy.After Bull Run a new army was built. The most successful forces were led by Ulysses S. Grant. In the end, confederates won. -
Mexican War
In 1845 Mexico broke off diplomatic relations with the U.S. Later they decided to start a war. The Rio Grande was the origional border between Mexico and the U.S. A surprise attack was launched in Somoma. Soon after the U.S. took drove Mexicans out of California, they claimed it and Mexico in January 1847. Mexico gave the U.S. Mexico and California in exchange for $15 million. -
Reconstruction
After the war the nation changed. The South suffered the most, the property value went down 70%. Though the most damaged, the South lost less soldiers. Lincoln wanted to help so he offered a pardon to everyone except people who killed Black war prisoner and military or Government officials. 10% of each state had to swear allegiance also. When Lincoln wa assasinated Johnson, vice president, was now in charge. The South now had to swear all alleigance, abolish slavery and could re-join the Union. -
The Spanish-American War
Riots started in Havana, Cuba. The battleship U.S.S Maine was sent to protect citizens then the Lome letter described McKinley wear. It was followed by The Maine sinking and killing American sailors. Next America destroyed Spain's Pacific fleet. 2,500 people died in the war. A treaty was signed in December. Spain gave Cuba independance and also gave up the Phillippines, Puerto Rico, and the Pacific Islands of Guam for $20 million. -
Progressive Era
Immigration, urbanization and industrialization caused people to reform.There was so much progress 1901 became known as the progressive era. They wanted the government to be ore accountable,have expanded powers and be more efficient. Progressives were republicans and democrats. A lot changed in those years. Human needs were noticed more that profit though povery did rise. -
U.S In WWI
Puerto Rico was under control of the U.S. though they were granted citizen-ship, they didn't become independant. After the Spanish-American war the U.S. went to other parts of the Pacific. That changed thier relations with Hawaii, Samoa and China for the better. Hawaii was important, they shipped sugar to the U.S. Soon the Hawaiian king Kala Kauna was forced int letting the U.S. take control of the government. -
Cold War
After WWII American officials set up a containment since they thought it was the best defense. When the posession of arms grew Truman allowed them to use force to contain anywhere communist expansion was happening. Later Russia dropped a 'superbomb' and dropped it causing damage to America.The Cold War officially started in 1950.The Soviet and North Korea invaded many places Truman sent the army to help but it was over. Though Kennedy tried to contain it, the war ended up being 10-years long. -
Korean War
Korea was apart of the Japanese empire, but when thier empire fell Korea was free and wanted to be thier own state. Korea ended up in a proxy war thst split Korea in two. North Korea was supported by the Soviet, led by Kim II-Sung. South Korea was supported by America and led by Syngman Rhee. Kim Sung decided he wanted unity so he attacked South Korea, in attempt to make the democrats leave. Many bombs were dropped on North Korea in the war. They had a solution but both still fight today. -
JFK
JFK wanted something to be done about civil rights, social welfare, economics and the foreign policy.He started the peace corps, who shunned communism, When the space race started JFK spent a lot of money to send a man into space.JFK sent people to surprise attack the Bay of Pigs but it backfired and they were arrested by Fidel Castro. -
Tet Offensive
Tet is tte lunar new year in Vietnam. A surprise attack was conducted to break the stalemate. Viet Cong then attacked several cities in South Vietnam, 13 in all.Giap attacked and ruined the defense of Viet Cong. The batte of Hue lasted 3 weeks, it took that long to bring down Viet Cong. Anyone connected with the U.S. was arrested by Viet Cong.Over 3,000 were killed, including 150 U.S. marines. -
Armistice Vietnam
North and South Korea, China and America agreed to a armistice to stop war. When Eisenhower won the election he said they'd go to Korea. He basically threatened China and Korea that he'd get bombs dropped on them. After the armistice was signed they decided to let war prisoners do as they wish, they could go home or stay where they were. Though there was no more bloodshed North and South Korea had borders and still didn't get along. -
Fall of Vietnam
President Nixon talked with China and threatened North Korea into signing the cease-fire. After it was signed the U.S. left North Korea. Nixon continued to support South Korea and its army but he noticed nothing really helped. After the Watergate Scandal Nixon had to resign North Korea attacked South Korea even more and launched a full out offensive. North Korea took over the capital of South Korea, Saigon, and ended the war. -
Reagan Era
President Reagan won presidency after trying the second time, at first losing to President Gerald Ford. Reagan became the oldest man to be elected at 69 years old.John Hickley shot at Reagan to impress the actor, Jodie Foster. Reagan was rushed to have surgery and pulled through. Reagan spent over $1 trillion on defense and space even though he campaigned against increased spending. Reagan was elected for a second term then when he finished with that he retired in his home in Bel Air. -
End of The Cold War
The decade was coming to an end and a lot of the East Bloc began to crumble. The Soviet Union did nothing to help them. Later the biggest war symbol came down, the Berlin Wall. In mid 1990 a lot of Soviet Republics declared independence. On December 8th, 1991, the Soviet no longer existed.After 45 years the cold war was finally over. -
September 11th
On September 11th 19 people from Al-Qaeda hijacked four planes. Two planes landed in the world trade center bringing down the twin towers. The third plane landed in the Pentagon just outside of Washington, D.C. The last one landed in a field in Pennsylvania. Many people died and there was a lot of distruction from the towers falling. Over 3,000 people were killed in this terrorist attack, including 400 firefighters and officers.
