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One of the founders of the opera
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One of the founders of the opera
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Italian composer famous for his works with instruments in sacred music
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The first composer to write a basso continuo part for a sacred concerti in 1602
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One of the founders of opera
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First librettist for opera
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Leading composer of lute music
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One of the inventors of seconda pratica
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Most important German composer in the middle baroque era
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There was homophony (meaning several parts and one melodic line) and several strong emotions in the melodies of the early baroque era
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Rhythms became more modern and complex than those in the Renaissance Era
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Homophony is a newer style, but polyphony is still flourishing.
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Still determined by text
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Piano and forte are used, but without gradations like crescendos and decrescendos
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Contrasting timbres were used in the early baroque era
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Improvements are made to stringed instruments and organs.
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~Beginning of the development of functional tonality in a major/minor key system
~Opera is invented
~Every piece/movement reflects an emotion
~Music became more textured than the Renaissance Era -
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The leading Austrian violinist and composer before Biber
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One of the first composers to create a thematic catalogue devoted to a single composer's works
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Most important organ composer before J.S. Bach
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Austrian violinist and composer
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Lyrical arias and solo songs became more popular. Melodies became more organized and used more compositional techniques.
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The central element in instrumental music. Dotted rhythms became more common. Dance rhythms are more important, and melodies were created around the 16th note
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The 24 major and minor keys developed further
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Homophony and polyphony are used
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Fugues, da capo arias, and ritornellos became more popular
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Crescendos and decrescendos are understood, but not used
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Ensembles are still small and the tuning system gave the music more color
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Stringed instruments were the most popular in instrumental music. String ensembles would be complimented by the winds.
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~More fugues, chaconnes, and passacaglias appear.
~New genres including the concerto, the trio, and the sonata.
~Ballet is popular in France -
Most important Italian composer of sonatas and concertos
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King Louis XIV's favorite composer
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Most important English composer of the 17th century
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Important Italian composer
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One of the most important French composers
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Italian composer who laid the grounds of foundation for the late baroque era
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German composer who was more popular than J.S. Bach at the time
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One of the most revered composers of all time
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German musician admired by Beethoven
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Composer who served Portuguese and Spanish royalty
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There was a shift from modality to tonality. Tonality became dominated by the diatonic scale.
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Melodies were often long with a developmental section that moved towards a cadence.
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Basso continuo drove the music and kept ensembles steady.
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Polyphony was used in churches, while homophony was used for secular music
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Da capo arias are the most popular form of vocal music, ritornellos are the most common ensemble music, and fugues were used in contrapuntal music.
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The keyboard is being tampered with, and the pianoforte is created. Bassoons could play more than basso continuo, and recorders were still being used
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~Instrumental music is more important and significant
~Opera was the main form of public entertainment
~Castrati became more popular
~Sevenths chords became an acceptable harmony -
The diatonic system for the 24 major and minor scales was established. Chromaticism was now being used, and harmonic rhythms were rapid.
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The symphony is invented in Milan
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Hairpin dynamics are used and a demand for dynamics is created