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A pre-invasion report was sent out by the British General Headquarters.
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In preparation for the invasion of Turkey, more that 200 ships were assembled in the harbour at Murdos, Lemnos.
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The first of the Anzac troops began making their way to the shore. They climbed down ropes over the side of the ships and crowded into rowboats. The rowboats were towed by steamboats until land could be sighted, then rowed silently. Each soldier carries his rifle, 200 rounds of ammunition, two days’ food rations as well as his pack.Unfortunately it was soon realised that the ANZAC’s were dropped off at the wrong beach, resulting in 745 deaths and this is just out of 1500 Australian soldiers.
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Major General William Throsby Bridges and his troops landed at Anzac cove. (More troops)
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The French forces evacuated Kum Kale and headed to Gallipoli to help out.
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One shrapnel shell containing 24,000 bullets, wiped out a whole Turkish 'company'.
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British warships gave artillery support at Anzac for a major attack aimed at extending the Anzac line to the top of the hill.
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Everyday hundreds of soldiers from both sides suffered serious injury or death.
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Reverend O Creighton, a chaplain with the British 29th Division at Helles, wrote of the Turks:
"The Turkish positions only get stronger every day. … They are magnificently well-led, well-armed and very brave and numerous." -
After the Gallipoli landing, the Turks were determined to push the invaders back into the sea. The Turkish launched a counter attack. But the ANZAC’s fought back to defend their hard-won ground, and the Turkish attach failed. More than 10,000 Turkish soldiers were killed or wounded. Five days later, there was a formal truce- all the fighting stopped so the dead could be buried.
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First meeting in London regarding the decision of the level of support the soldiers should recieve in the Dardenelles.
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The battle for control of the Nek was a complete disaster for the ANZACS. Four waves of ANZACs were commanded to charge the Turkish soldiers at Nek. They climbed out of their trenches and ran straight into gun fire. Many didn’t even make it out of the trenches. No one in the first wave made it more than 10 metres. But the officers commanded them to keep going. More than 500 soldiers charged and half were killed.
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The French forces launched an attack on the Turks, the French, suffered more than 2,500 casualties and the Turks lost more than 6,000 killed and wounded.
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In eight days the Turks suffered more than 16,000 casualties, more than 10,000 of whom had been killed.
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Between these nights, an extra 20,000 soldiers of the British 13th Division were secretly brought ashore at Anzac.
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As the ANZAC’s charged Lone Pine, hundreds were shot and those that made it to the trenches fought a bloody battle with bayonets and rifles. Eventually the ANZAC’s took control, but there were thousands of deaths for both sides! By the time the battle was over, there were bodies lying in and around the trenches and many severely wounded in need of medical attention. More than 2000 ANZAC’s died and 5000 Turks died as well. This picture is Lone Pine today.
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45,000 reinforcements were required to be brung into Gallipoli and a further 50,000 to make further offensives possible.
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A plan was drawn up to evacuate all three ares, where the British were held- Helles,Anzac and Sulva
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General Sir Ian Hamilton was asked for his opinion on the estimated return of soldiers, this is what he said"It would not be wise to reckon on getting out of Gallipoli with less loss than that of half the total force ... we might be lucky and lose considerably less than I have estimated."
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Soldiers were ordered not to fire at the Turks unless they opened fire on them. This was to help trick the Turkish that withdrawl was on the way.
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Severe rain and thunderstorms, which turned into blizzards, hit Gallipoli. More than 280 men died and there were 16,000 cases of frostbite and exposure
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20,000 Australian and New Zealand withdraw from the battle fields in Gallipoli
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The British Government ordered the evacuation of Helles.
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French forces were evacuated from Helles.
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Turkish newspapers reported that ‘the whole of the Gallipoli Peninsula is now free from the enemy'. There was no specific date when Gallipoli stopped, it slowly ended. 8709 Australians and 2701 New Zealanders died in the battle at Gallipoli. 17924 Australians and 4852 New Zealanders were wounded in the battle at Gallipoli.Thats a total of 26, 663 Australian casualties,A total of 7553 New Zealand casualties. A grand total of 34, 216 Anzac casualties.
