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Bukhara, Iran
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from the emperor Hadrian's villa at Tivoli Sosus of Pergamon
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After the creation of Christianity(390AD), information was presented in a codex, basically like a bound book; the format of the book itself had to be created
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interior, Cordoba, Spain
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Duccio di Buonisenga
-one of the primary types of images being produced at the time
-good example of hierarchy -
Duccio
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Giotto
-skills are improved from previous years but perspective is still not quite right -
Ambrogio Lorenzetti
-Italian masters were not a great example of perspective but it was the best they had at the time -
Masaccio
-one of the first successful perspective attempts
-credited with being the initiator of the new style of realism -
Jan Van Eyck
-fairly realistic
-one of the first successful paintings of a mirror
-good example of geometric orthogonal perspective -
Thailand
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Jan Van Eyck
-a single example of an image done many times
-Mary is seen as caring, her form complements the architecture
-oranges reference paradise -
Shen Zhou
-they want to use the space of the painting intentionally (relating to spirituality and hierarchy) -
Sandro Botticelli
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Michealangelo
-the head and hands are much larger in proportion to the rest of the body compared to true human form so that they wouldn’t appear smaller when looking up at it -
Raphael
-comes from Renaissance
-Perspective-major function is to create the illusion of depth or space -
Raphael
-depicts a tender relationship between Mary and Jesus
-some believe Joseph is a psychic which is why he looks forlorn -
Matthias Grunewald
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Titian
-linear perspective is improved upon
-at this time everything becomes much more realistic -
Rosso Fiorentino
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Ligier Richier
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Giuseppe Arcimboldo
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Frans Snyders
-Cucumber and gold finch are symbols of redemption—ties in with religion -
Jules Hardouin Mansart and Charles le Brun
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Thomas Gainsborough
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Jean-Honoré Fragonard
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Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
-mythology is taken away and depicts a real-life prostitute, however the coyness of the painting still makes it acceptable -
Theodore Gericault
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Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
-The first known photograph -
Eugène Delacroix
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Louis Daguerre
-“daguerrotypes” responsible for the creation of developing film
-first known photograph of a person -
John Everett Millais
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Édouard Manet
-credited with being one of the first to start impressionism
-brush strokes loosen up as photography is invented
-we don’t need paintings to show what things look like anymore
-decline of naturalism -
Edouard Manet
-image is more empowering
-the women’s posture shows how she is aware of what she is about to do, no coyness -
Gustave Courbet
-the breaking point of the odalisque women
-she is very disheveled, depicting the women after sex -
James McNeill Whistler
-painting of the artist’s mother
-composition shows reverence and respect towards mother however it also shows fear
-the woman is very austere -
Camille Pissarro
-Impressionism is a reaction to photography, we no longer need paintings to represent what is really seen
-painting is now about paint, light, and experience -
Vassily Maksimov
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Edgar Degas
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Paul Gauguin
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Vincent Van Gogh
-no need to be realistic anymore
-images start to be intentionally flattened -
Vincent Van Gogh
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Mary Cassatt
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Paul Gauguin
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Pablo Picasso
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Egon Schiele
-beginning of Expressionism
-distorted figures show the response to the war -
Wassily Kandinsky
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Giorgio de Chirico
-images start to resemble early renaissance paintings again -
James Ensor
-evokes the last supper, except Jesus and Apostles are replaced with grotesque people -
Joseph Stella
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Georgia O’Keefe
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Edward Weston
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Hannah Hoch
-she’s questioning gender bias -
Méret Oppenheim
-a woman strangles a newborn child
-shows the desire to escape tradition
-the artist did not want to be a mother because she did not want her life to stop -
Pablo Picasso
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Pablo Picasso
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Frida Kahlo
-shows the two halves of her life
-painted after her divorce so it relates to splitting in two -
Edward Hopper
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Richard Hamilton
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-printing company in the 50s
-standardizes color, streamlines it for industry -
Wayne Thiebaud
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Josef Albers
-streamlined the study of color interaction -
Andy Warhol
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R. Buckminster Fuller
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Judith Baca
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Nam June Paik
-the artist recognizes the implications of media on the self -
Paddy Carroll Tjungurrayi
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Ester Hernandez
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Cindy Sherman
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Bruce Nauman
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Henry Moore
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James Luna
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Andres Serrano
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Gerhard Richter
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Barbara Kruger
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Sally Mann
-showed something sensual about childhood which disturbed a lot of people
-addresses that sexuality begins earlier than society says it does
-shows ways in which people become more open about sexuality -
Juane Quick-To-See Smith
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Frank O. Gehry
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Andreas Gursky
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Andy Goldsworthy
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Bill Viola
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Tony Oursler
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Wangechi Mutu
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Catherine Opie
-duel image of a women nursing her child, but her body represents sexuality that is not approved of
-despite this it doesn’t take away the image of motherhood -
Marlene Dumas
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Richard Serra
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Olafur Eliasson
