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The League of Nations
An intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace -
The Red Scare
Promotion of widespread fear by a society or state about a potential rise of communism, anarchism, or radical leftism -
1920 Election
While Harding was serving in the Senate, the Republican party nominated him as their presidential candidate for the election of 1920. Harding's campaign promised a return to "normalcy," rejecting the activism of Theodore Roosevelt and the idealism of Woodrow Wilson -
Prohibition Act
Prohibition in the United States was a nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933 -
Darwinism
Darwinism Evolution was taught in schools which stirred religious parents who attacked the educational system -
Fundamentalism
Fundamentalism as a movement arose in the United States, starting among conservative Presbyterian theologians at Princeton Theological Seminary in the late 19th century. It soon spread to conservatives among the Baptists and other denominations -
Roaring 20's
For the first time, more Americans lived in cities than on farms. The nation's total wealth more than doubled between 1920 and 1929 -
Roaring 20's
This economic growth due to new inventions swept many Americans into an affluent but unfamiliar “consumer society.” -
Roaring 20's Invention (Radio)
Few people actually heard the voices and music which were produced because of the dearth of radio receivers at that time. The public, however, was overcome by a radio craze after the initial broadcast. -
Culture in the 1920s
Technological innovations like the telephone and radio irrevocably altered the social lives of Americans while transforming the entertainment industry. -
1920s Culture
The Harlem Renaissance was a flourishing of African American art, music, literature, and poetry, centered in New York City’s Harlem neighborhood. -
1920s Culture
African Americans also dominated the jazz scene in the 1920s. Duke Ellington, who frequently performed at the Cotton Club, was one of the most influential jazz bandleaders and composers of all time. -
African American Identity
Zora Neale Hurston, Countee Cullen, and Langston Hughes were among the most famous African American authors associated with the Harlem Renassaince -
African American Identity
The Harlem Renaissance was the development of the Harlem neighborhood in New York City as a black cultural mecca in the early 20th Century -
African American Identity
The Harlem Renaissance period is considered a golden age in African American culture, manifesting in literature, music, stage performance and art. -
African American Identity
Outside factors led to a population boom: From 1910 to 1920, African American populations migrated in large numbers from the South to the North, with prominent figures like W.E.B. Du Bois leading what became known as the Great Migration. -
African American Identity
By 1920, some 300,000 African Americans from the South had moved north, and Harlem was one of the most popular destinations for these families -
1920 Literature
F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway were among the most popular writers of the decade. -
1920 Literature
Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby remains an American classic. Jazz music was enormously popular throughout the 1920s, as crowds flocked to hear musicians like Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington. -
1920 Literature
As in the art world, literary creatively soared throughout the 1920s. The overly formal styles associated with Victorianism were replaced with a more direct, democratic style. -
1920 Literature
Among Hemingway's most popular works are The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bell Tolls. Other popular writers of the 1920s include T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound and John Dos Passos. -
1920s Culture
For jazz music, which was improvisational, the development of phonograph technology was transformative -
1920s Culture
After Congress passed the Volstead Act in 1919, which banned the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages, many Americans sought refuge in speakeasies and other entertainment venues that hosted jazz bands. -
1920 Literature
Another tremendously popular writer of the day was Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway, who witnessed the horrors of World War I firsthand, wrote short stories in a simplified, minimalist style -
Prohibition Results
Prohibition led to many more unintended consequences because of the cat and mouse nature of Prohibition enforcement. While the Eighteenth Amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale and transportation of intoxicating beverages, it did not outlaw the possession or consumption of alcohol in the United States. -
1924 election
Progressive Party, (1924), in the United States, a short-lived independent political party assembled for the 1924 presidential election by forces dissatisfied with the conservative attitudes and programs of the Democrats and Republicans. -
The Immigration Act
This limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota -
Immigration Act of 1924
The quota provided immigration visas to two percent of the total number of people of each nationality in the United States as of the 1890 national census. -
Stock Market Crash
By 1933, nearly half of America's banks had failed, and unemployment was approaching 15 million people, or 30 percent of the workforce. -
Stock Market Crash
The concept of “buying on margin” allowed ordinary people with little financial acumen to borrow money from their stockbroker and put down as little as 10 percent of the share value which led to overconfidence and the Crash. -
Herbert Hoover Policies
A couple months after he was elected, the stock market crashed and the Great Depression was beginning. Unlike Andrew Mellon and Calvin Coolidge who believed that the federal government should keep its hands off the economy, Herbert Hoover believed that some action from the federal government is necessary. -
Herbert Hoover Policies
Hoover extended federal control over agriculture by expanding the reach of the Federal Farm Board (FFB), which had been created a few months earlier. The idea behind the FFB was to make government-funded loans to farm cooperatives and create “stabilization corporations” to keep farm prices up and deal with surpluses. -
1920's Economy- Stock Market Crash
The stock market crash of 1929 was not the sole cause of the Great Depression, but it did act to accelerate the global economic collapse of which it was also a symptom. -
1920's Economy-Stock Market Crash
Among the other causes of the eventual market collapse were low wages, the proliferation of debt, a struggling agricultural sector and an excess of large bank loans that could not be liquidated. -
The Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s -
Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl was caused by severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent the aeolian processes caused the phenomenon. -
The Tariff Act
Act implementing protectionist trade policies sponsored by Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley -
The First New Deal
The Domestic Program of the administration of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1939 -
The New Deal
The New Deal took action to bring about immediate economic relief as well as reforms in industry, agriculture, finance, water power, labour, and housing -
The New Deal
Opposed to the traditional American political philosophy of laissez-faire, the New Deal generally embraced the concept of a government-regulated economy aimed at achieving a balance between conflicting economic interests. -
Emergency Banking Relief Act (New Deal)
Banks could lose all of your money and fail. FDR attempted to fix this problem by shutting down all US banks for a period of four days. During that time, he introduced the Emergency Banking Relief Act, which allowed the treasury secretary to issue loans to banks in need -
Economy Act (New Deal)
The Economy Act cut the salaries of government employees and reduced benefits to veterans by 15%. The goal of this act was to reduce federal debt by $500 million, but only ended up reducing it by $243 million -
Beer-Wine Revenue Act
Legalized the sale of beer and wine with an alcohol content of less than 3.2% and raised much needed tax revenue. Since FDR was not a fan of prohibition, this act effectively amended the National Prohibition Act and relaxed alcohol laws -
National Industrial Recovery Act
The NRA promoted industrial growth and recovery. They also Supported fair competition in businesses, established the right for workers to bargain collectively, regulated working hours, and more -
Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC)
It put unemployed, unmarried men (and eventually unemployed war veterans) to work planting trees, building fire towers, restoring forests, and creating camp grounds and picnic areas. Workers received free food, accommodation, clothing, medical care, and a salary -
Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)
FERA provided state assistance to the unemployed and their families. It also created unskilled jobs in local and state government and provided projects for professionals -
Agricultural Adjustment Act
This act limited farm production to help raise prices. It worked by paying farmers to reduce their crop production and kill off excess livestock. This prevented a surplus and increased crop/livestock prices. (deemed unconstitutional by Supreme Court later) -
Public Works Administration
An agency that spent over $3.3 billion dollars on public works projects, creating jobs and providing loans to private industries for the creation of large-scale projects, such as bridges, power plants, hospitals, sewage plants, and more. -
Gold Reserve Act
This act changed the price of gold from $20.67 per troy ounce to $35. This increased the amount of money in circulation, which greatly helped the economy. It also helped the government control the fluctuations of the US dollar. -
Indian Reorganization Act
Sometimes called the “Indian New Deal,” this act decreased government control over American Indian affairs, encouraging written constitutions, self-government, and a credit program to foster land purchases, education, and tribal organization.
