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On March 30, 1867, the United States reached an agreement to purchase Alaska from Russia for a price of $7.2 million. The Treaty with Russia was negotiated, and became an important step in the United States rising to be a world power -
The Pendleton act was passed in order to put an end to the Spoils System after President Garfield was assassinated. He had been assassinated by his support Charles Guitreau due to Guitreau's belief he deserved a government job. The Act would require most federal job seekers to pass a civil service exam, "ending the spoil system." -
The case stemmed from an 1892 incident in which African American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a car for Black people. In result the court case that followed legalized Jim Crow Laws under the guise of "Separate but Equal." -
The USS Maine, a U.S battleship, was anchored in Havana Harbor to protect U.S citizens and economic interests in Cuba. The ship exploded, killing over 260 american sailors. In response, McKinley requested $50 million in order to prepare for war -
The Spanish-American War began after the internal explosion of USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence.
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Muckrakers were investigative journalists during the Progressive Era who had shone a light on corrupt business and government leaders as well as major social problems. Major members included Jacob Riis, Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffons, and Ida B. Wells. -
The strike was held by the United Mine Workers of America in the anthracite coalfields in Pennsylvania. Miners struck for higher wages, shorter workdays, and the recognition of their union. The strike threatened to shut down the winter fuel supply to major American cities. President Roosevelt threatened to take over the mine in negotiations weren't made. -
The Treaty of Portsmouth is a treaty that formally ended the 1904–1905 Russian-Japanese War. The treat affirmed the Japanese presence in south Manchuria and Korea and ceded the southern half of the island of Sakhalin to Japan. -
The Pure Food and Drug Act was intended to prohibit the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated, poisonous, or deleterious foods, liquors, drugs, and medicines. The act also led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration. -
Henry Ford introduces the Model T, selling for the price of $850. With scientific management, he managed to lower production time from 12 hours to 90 minutes, cutting the cost down to $280. Ford was adamant on having happy and reliable workers. He offered better wages, shorter hours, and even the weekends off. He strove for his employees to be able to afford the Model T's being produced. -
The Creel Committee's main job was to get civilians to support the war effort. They encouraged people to work more jobs to produce needed supplies, buy war bonds to help fund the war. and demonized the enemy. -
The Selective Service Act was signed in to help grow the small and ill prepared U.S army for WW1. In result, 4.5 million troops were mobilized to fight in the war effort. -
To ensure adequate and efficient production of wartime supplies, the WIB was given the job to regulate business with the power given. They were in charge of what was produced, the quotas set, the minimum and max prices, and the distribution of raw materials. -
The act made it a crime to share information intended to interfere with the war effort. The Sedition Act imposed harsh penalties for a wide range of dissenting speech, including speech abusing the U.S. government, the flag, the Constitution, and the military. Over 2,000 people were arrested. -
After the Great War, patriotism was at an all time high. Those viewed as unpatriotic or seemed against american values were feared and labeled as communists or radials. -
The 18th Amendment prohibited the making, selling, and distribution of alcohol nationwide. This caused a splurge of organized crime, deaths due to bootleg alcohol, secret bars called speak easies, and even to the invention of the Nascar. -
Attorney General Mitchell Palmer encouraged raids that involved mass arrests and the deportation of those suspected to be anarchists, communists, and/or radicals. In result, about 250 people were deported, and 10,000 were arrested. -
Newly established black communities experienced a rise in black artistic expression through journalism, poetry, music, and art. This renaissance led to the creation of jazz and the blues. -
Sacco and Vanzetti were two Italian immigrant anarchists. The two were accused of the murder of a shop owner after having been found with a gun. Despite the gun they owned not matching the one used, the men were sentenced to death -
The act limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota. The quota provided immigration visas to two percent of the total number of people of each nationality. -
A town in Tennessee had banned the teaching of evolution to its students. A substitute teacher, John Scopes, was sent in and began teaching evolution to his science class. He was taken to court with defense Clarence Darrow and prosecutor William Bryan. Scopes was eventual found guilty, which heightened tensions. -
After World War 1, the U.S became a creditor nation, and began providing loans to countries that were already in Depression. Citizens began ringing up large amounts of personal debt as the stock market kept ballooning. -
The Depression hit the public when the stock market crashed. Banks had lacked money, people lost their saving, and several bank runs occurred. In the industries, production was slowed, workers were let go due to the lack of profits, and consumption declined due to the poor financial standing of the public. In result, people struggled to provide for themselves and their families. -
One of the worst ecological disasters. Caused by soil erosion, strong winds, and droughts, the disaster destroyed crops, homes, and killed livestock. Many families in Oklahoma had to leave their homes and head for California. -
President Hoover was seen as a Do-Nothing president. He had opposed direct financial aid, and believed that the U.S could ride out the depression. He strengthened banks and encouraged struggling citizens to seek help from charities. -
Started by FDR, the New Deal was aimed at creating new programs to provide relief, reform, and recovery. Within his first "Hundred Days', FDR created several programs in order to provide the 3 Rs. He kept only healthy and stable banks open, regulating trading in stocks, and provided federal funds to states to aid in relief programs. -
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Japanese upon the United States against the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii. This attack led to the U.S officially joining WWll, as once they declared war on Japan, Italy and Germany declared war on the U.S. -
The industries in the U.S switched gears on their productions. Instead of cars, planes, hunting rifles, and nylon stockings, companies began mass producing tanks, fighter jest, machine guns, flame throwers and parachutes. With a large number of men entering the war, women began to crowd the workplace and were given better pay and benefits, as well as a good sense of pride. -
D-Day was an invasion that led to the coast of Normandy, France, with the hopes of reducing the German troops in the eastern front. It was the largest sea borne invasion, with a collective of 156,000 troops supported by roughly 5,400 ships and 12,000 fighter planes. The first wave began before the sun rose, and within 7 days the allied forces controlled 80 miles of the coast. -
The G.I Bill was passed in order to honor and show appreciation of veterans who had served in the war. The bill provided funding for college, housing, and businesses, as well as providing free healthcare. This lead to boost in home ownership, education, and the economy. -
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The baby-boom generation was the product of the sudden increase in U.S. births occurring between 1946 and 1964. The increase was largely the result of the renewed confidence and security that followed the economic hardships and uncertainties of the Great Depression and World War II. -
Emmett Till, a 14 year old boy, was visiting his family in Mississippi. While visiting, the young boy was kidnapped, beaten, and shot to death for allegedly whistling at a white woman. The men were arrested, and then acquitted by an all white jury. The two later went on to brag about the crime in interviews. -
By the 1950s, integration was continuously being blocked by state and local government. Since it was legal for black students to attend all white schools, the first attempt started with the Little Rock Nine. For several days, whenever they tried entering the school, they were turned away by Arkansas' National guard. Tired of Fauber refusing to obey the law, President Eisenhower ordered troops to Little Rock, and ensured the Little Rock Nine made it to school. -
The crisis was a direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was the moment when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict. Russia had been found secretly shipping ICBMs to Cuba and building launch sites. -
The march on Washington was planned by the SCLC, and was supported by the NAACP, SNCC, and CORE. Over 250,000 people attended from all over the country, and listened to Martin Luther King Jr. Deliver his well know speech, "I have a dream." -
Signed by President Johnson, the act prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. -
Signed into law by President Johnson, the act was aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. It prevented literacy tests, intimidation, and physical violence at the polls. -
Then president Gerald Ford had challenged Jimmy Carter to a debate. With Carter coming from a farming background, the public felt connected to him. Ford made a slip up during the debate, mixing up his words and leading to the victory of Carter, who was brought into office as the 39th president. -
The accords were a pair of political agreements signed by Egyptian President ] Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Begin after twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David. They acted as the framework for a peace treaty for the conflicting nations. -
Due to the Shan of Iran being kept in a NY hospital, Iranians took over the U.S base located in Tahran. Hundreds were taken as hostages, and weapons were stolen. President Carter Canceled all oil trade, and led an unsuccessful extraction to bring them home. All oil trade with Iran was canceled. The hostages were only returned to the U.S upon Ronald Reagans inauguration, after being held for 444 days. -
Reagonmics was the neoliberal economic policies promoted by U.S. President Ronald Reagan during the 1980s. It included principles such as balancing the federal budget, reducing the federal income tax, and tightening the money supply in order to reduce inflation -
While leaving a speech engagement at the Washington Hilton, Ronald Reagan is shot in the chest by John Hinckley Jr. Despite being described as in stable conditions, a large majority of Americans were worried. After a successful operation to remove the bullet, Reagan recovers and is viewed as strong. -
Due to a stumble on Reagan's behalf during the debate, citizens started to worry about his age and capability. Though, Reagan made quite the promising comeback and won his 2nd term, 525 to 13. -
a school shooting and attempted bombing occurred at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado, United States. The perpetrators, 12th grade students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, murdered 15. This sparked new regulations in hopes of better protecting students and faculty within school buildings. -
The events of 9/11 four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by the militant Islamist extremist network al-Qaeda against the United States. These attacks hit the pentagon and destroyed the twin towers, and took the lives of roughly 3,000 people. -
Obama, the 44th U.S president, was the first African american to be in office. With his vice president Joe Biden, he served both terms as a democrat and signed the ACA bill into law. -
Osama bin Laden was a violent terrorist, leader of Al-Qaeda, and a mass murderer who used bombings and bloodshed to advance his extremist goals. Under orders from President Obama, a special operations unit raided the compound and killed bin Laden. -
Though it started months prior, the deadly disease didn't hit the U.S until Jan. 23, 2020. Statistically, it has become the most infectious disease in human history, having infected roughly 750 million people, and about 200 of them being in the U.S, and 1 million dying. Covid has caused a major problem due to job loss, financial instability, grief, and a major drop in mental health. -
Roe v. Wade was a landmark piece of legislation that made access to an abortion a federal right in the United States. The decision the way for individual states to curtail or outright ban abortion rights, and have caused, in turn, many women to leave their state in order to have access to a safe abortion. -
The Willow project is an oil drilling project by ConocoPhillips located on the plain of the North Slope of Alaska in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska. The project was originally to construct and operate up to five drill pads for a total of 250 oil wells. The project could produce up to 600 million barrels of oil and 287 million tons of carbon emissions plus other greenhouse gases over 30 years, and could destroy the environment in Alaska.