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Plan for the government proposed by Benjamin Franklin that would create an intercontinental government that would act as a step between the British King and the colonies. Would be able to collect taxes and organize troops. Was rejected but was important because it showed the early stages of self governing.
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A conflict between the British and French with the help of their native allies. Conflict started over control of the Ohio River Valley. Resulted in British Victory over the French
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Natives led by Chief Pontiac launched deadly attacks on colonists moving westward. Lead to the Proclamation of 1763
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Act passed by the British government following Pontiacs Rebellion. Limited colonial westward expansion west of the Appalachian mountains. It was intended to limit costly wars with the natives it however angered the colonists and they continued to move westward.
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Treaty signed by France and Britian following the 7 years war that extended British territory, ended conflict between the two nations, and gave the British control of the Mississippi river.
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Created a tax on imported sugar and luxuries. Also reinforced the navigation acts to cut back smuggling. Was meant to raise money for Britian but resulted in anger from the colonists
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Act passed that required colonists to provide food and shelter to British Troops stationed in the colonies. Colonists saw as an invasion of privacy.
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Act that placed a tax on all printed material in the colonies. Was met with large backlash in the colonies including protests and boycotts.
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Revoked the tea act but gave parliament the power to tax the colonies on whatever they wanted
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A set of acts passed by the new British Chancelor. They placed taxes on tea, glass, and paper, along with other luxuries. The also created "search warrants' and allowed for colonists houses to be searched for smuggled goods. These acts also suspend the New york assembly for defying parliement.
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Took back the Townhead acts. Was meant to relive tensions with the colonies but failed.
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A disagreement between colonial protesters and British soldiers that resulted in British soldiers shooting and killing 5 colonists.
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Response to the Tea Act, organized by the sons of Liberty. Occurred in Boston when men dressed up as Mohawk Indians boarded British tea ships and threw all the tea overboard into Boston harbor.
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A British tax placed on the colonies that placed a tax on all tea not imported by the British East India company. This tax created a monopoly on the tea import and ran smaller colonial merchants out of business. Was very badly received and resulted in the boston tea party.
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Acts passed by the British Government in response to the Boston Tea Party. These acts closed the port of Boston until the colonists had paid back the tea they'd thrown into the harbor. It also reduced the power of the Massachusetts repersentive government. It also allowed for the royal officials to be tried in England as opposed to the colonies. The last part of the act extended the Quartering act, making it required for troops to be hosted in private homes.
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Act passed by Britian to organize the Canadian lands they had won from the French in the 7 years war. The main thing it did was establish Roman Catholicism as the official religion. This made the colonists uneasy thinking that their religious freedom may be stripped from them. It also extended the boarders of Quebec taking away land claimed by the colonists.
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These acts were seen as a breaking point in the colonies due to their heavily restrictive nature.
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A group of delegates from all colonies except for Georgia met in Philidelphia to discuss the intolerable acts and how the colonies should respond to their freedoms being taken away.
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Petition passed in 1775 by the second Continental Congress. Acted as a last attempt at peace with Britain. This petition pledged loyalty to the king but was eventually rejected by him. The rejection of this policy solidified the war.
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The British attacked the colonists who were defending Breed's hill. The Colonists were able to hold them off two times eventually allowing for the hill to be captured. The colonists inflicted significant causalities on the British.
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First Battle of the Revolutionary war. Referred to as "the shot heard around the world." Amateur soldiers met British troops and inflicted significant damage on them. Showed that the colonies should not be underestimated.
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A British immigrant published a pamphlet called common sense. This pamphlet outlined all the reasons that independence was necessary. Thomas Paines pamphlet sold over 100,000 copies and was incredibly influential in convincing everyday colonists to join the cause for independence.
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The delegates were divided over whether to declare war or not. The congress ended up passing the Deceleration of the causes and necessities for taking up arms. This act called the colonies to raise armies to defend themselves. They also passed the Olive Branch petition, but this was rejected by King George III
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Washingtons army was undertrained and under fueled. They also lacked many supplies causing them to struggle through the first few years of the war.
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War fought between the American colonies and Britian. Resulted in colonial victory and the formation of the United States of America
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Document written by Thomas Jefferson that officially declared the American colonies as an independent body from Britian.
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American Victory in Saratoga, New York. Turning point battle of the revolutionary war. This victory convinced France to lend both Military and Finanancial aid to the colonists.
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Last major battle of the Revolutionary war. Resulted in British general Cornwallis surrendering to George Washington. Marked the end of the war.
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First Constitution of the United States. Gave all powers to the states causing many issues. The two biggest being the lack of the ability to tax and pay of war debts. The other being the lack of continuity between states creating tensions. This document was replaced by the Constitution in 1789
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Document that officially ended the war. Said that Britian would recognize the colonies as an independent nation, that all land east of the Mississippi river belonged to the US, and that the US could fish off the coast of Canada. This Treaty also said that the Americans would pay back debts to British Merchants and allow loyalists to live freely in the colonies.
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A meeting of representatives from 5 states lead by Hamiliton and Madison. This meeting persuaded the representatives to call a meeting to edit the Articles of confederation.
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A policy passed by congress under the Articles that established a policy for creating space for public education and a plan to survey western lands.
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A compromise made between the small and large states that resulted in a bicameral congress. One house would be made up of a set number of representatives (2 per state) and the other would be based off of the number of inhabitants in the state with each state having at least one.
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85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison and Jay meant to persuade people to vote to ratify the Constitution.
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A plan proposed by James Madison that would make states representation based off of population. Meaning that the less populated states could have no representation. Benefited the larger states.
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Meeting of all states but Rhode Island to edit the Articles of Confederation. During this meeting they began to draft the constitution off of things that were important to the different states. Issues like Slavery, Representation, and Trade were large topics of debate.
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Congress under the Articles passed a set of rules for Northwest territories to become states and granted them self governing power.
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Plan proposed that would make every state have a set number of repersnetives regardless of population. Benifited the small states.
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After 17 weeks of debate the congress voted to ratify the Constitution. This came after many debates and disagreements. These issues were eventually solved by the Great Compromise and the 3/5ths compromise.
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A revolution inspired by the American revolution in which French citizens violently overthrew the monarchy which resulted in the beheading of their king and queen.
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Washington was unanimously elected following the approval of the constitution. Throughout his term he established the Federal Court system and built the Executive branch. Under his control Hamiliton created a federal bank system.
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Argued to be necessary by the Anti-Federalists to preserve peoples natural rights. The ten amendments in the bill of rights protected freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, the right to bear arms, unreasonable search and seizure, no quartering of troops in homes, and other freedoms. The tenth amendment also protected all rights not mentioned in the constituon for the people.
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Proclamation passed by George Washington that did not involve the US in the French Revolution. Was met with backlash but Washington thought it was necessary for the new nation.
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Attempted uprising due to the high tasks placed on Whisky by Hamilton. In response to this uprising Washington raised an army of 15,000 men to march into Pennsylvania. The rebellion was squashed with no bloodshed. This was a powerful example of the new governments power.
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Agreement between Britian and US that prevented another war with the British. Was seen as not gaining enough for the States but did an effective job at preventing war and reestablishing trade with England.
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Agreement between Spain and US that gave the US the ability to trade on the lower Mississippi river through New Oreliens. It also moved the Floridian boarder to match the 31st parallel. The Spanish were quick to agree to this treaty due to fears of the British and US teaming up against them.
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At the end of Washingtons term he published a message outlining his beliefs that he left the country with. In his message he urged Americans to not get involved in European affairs, to not make permeant alliances in foreign disputes, to not form political parties, and to not all into sectionalism. His message was a topic of debate for many years to follow.
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John Adams was the last Federalist to be elected president and only won by 3 electoral college votes. He was the second president of the US and was responsible for passing the Alien and Sedation acts.
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The XYZ affair occurred when Adams sent a repersentive to France following the French revolution. The French negotiators asked for bribes in order to negotiate an agreement. The American repersentives disagreed and returned to the US. There interaction was then published as the XYZ affair and led many towards wanting a war with France. Adams opposed this though.
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Acts passed by Adams that restricted immigration and public disagreements with the governments. These laws were highly restrictive and meant to negatively affect the popularity of the Democratic Republican party. These acts were eventually overturned in 1802
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Prior to the establishment of Judicial review, Democratic- Republicans in both Kentucky and Virginia passed laws against the Alein and Sedation acts calling them unconstitutional.
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The Election of 1800 marked the end of the Federalist party being in control. In this election Democratic- Republicans gained control. It marked the first change in political parties in the US.