-
A war between the French and British over control in North America.
Cause: French control over trade in the west and British want to expand west.
Effect: The British were in need of money so they started taxing their colonists. British started to try and appease Native Americans so avoid wars. -
Prohibited English colonists from settling further west than the Appalachian Mountains.
Cause: The British wanted to improve their relationship with Native Americans so they did not settle land further west after the French and Indian war.
Effect: Colonists were upset that they could not move to the land they had just won in the war they were just fighting. -
A rebellion led by Native Americans against the British following the French and Indian War.
Cause: The British did not respect Native Americans and their land rights
Effect: Led to the British reevaluating their relationships with the Native Americans. -
The Stamp Act was a tax placed on all official paper colonists could use, mandated by the British.
Cause: The British needed money after the expensive cost of the French and Indian war, so they taxed their American colonists heavily.
Effect: The colonists became more angry at the British for their unfair taxation without the colonists being able to choose their won taxes like they used to be able to. -
Stated that the British could tax the American colonists the same way they tax British citizens.
Cause: The colonists protested the stamp act. The British repealed the Stamp Act and replaced it with the Declaratory Act.
Effect: Ended the practice of salutary neglect in the colonies. Led to a stricter rule of the colonies by the British. -
An act that gave all control of tea trade to the East India Company. Didn't allow colonists to buy tea from any other source.
Cause: Made to help get the East India Company out of debt.
Effect: Led to the Boston Tea Party. -
A group of colonists staged a protest of England's unfair taxation policies by dumping a shipment of tea into Boston Harbor.
Cause: England's removal of the colonies' rights to govern their own taxes "no taxation without representation"
Effect: The British became harsher on the colonists and forced them to repay for all the destroyed tea. -
Delegates from all 13 colonies congregated in Philadelphia to discuss how to combat British aggression.
Cause: The colonists needed to collaborate to try and combat British aggression and defend their rights.
Effect: The delegates agreed across all 13 colonies to boycott British goods until there was a repeal of the Intolerable Acts. -
They were the official government for the 13 colonies who started to raise militias, distribute paper currency, and wrote and ratified articles like the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation.
Cause: The 13 colonies needed a central government to
Effect: With backing from the Second Continental Congress Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence. -
A document declaring the United States independent from England and their grievances with England.
Cause: Britain's unfair taxing of the colonies and denial of colonies' rights led to the colonies declaring independence.
Effect: It unified the colonies under a central government and established them as a union independent from England. -
The Articles of Confederation were a set of rules dictating how the government of the United States would function.
Cause: After the Treaty of Paris since the US was now a country, they needed structure for their government.
Effect: Due to issues with the Articles, the Constitution was drafted and then ratified to fix the issues. -
The treaty that declared peace between England and the United States after the American Revolution.
Cause: The Continental Army's victory over the British at Yorktown.
Effect: The US was now officially an independent country recognized by the British who withdrew their troops from America. -
An ordinance that allowed for new states to join the union.
Cause: The US needed to have a way to establish new states in the union.
Effect: It banned slavery in the new region and and provided a government for the new territories west of the original 13 colonies. -
A meeting of delegates from all 13 colonies in order to draft a constitution for the United States.
Cause: The Articles of Confederation had many issues which needed to be fixed by a new Constitution.
Effect: The US Constitution appeased the north and south and was able to unify the states under one government that balanced power between branches of government and the states/citizens. -
The Constitution was made official by 9/13 states in Congress.
Cause: The US needed a better document to allow laws to pass more efficiently and to protect the peoples' rights.
Effect: Ended the government under the Articles of Confederation and introduces the Bill of Rights. -
A group of farmers in Pennsylvania started a revolt against the government to protest high taxes on whiskey.
Cause: Alexander Hamilton's financial plan to revive the US economy placed high taxes on whiskey that angered many Americans.
Effect: Washington using a federal army to put down a rebellion proved that the federal government under the worked and proved anti-federalists wrong. -
The US declared neutrality regarding the Napoleonic wars in Europe.
Cause: Washington did not want to join a new war while the US was still recovering from the revolution and establishing themselves as a country.
Effect: Kept the US out of wars they did not need to fight in and started new debates on how the US' foreign policy should be conducted. -
A treaty between England and the US that gave the US new trade rights and had all English troops pull out of US territories.
Cause: This was an attempt to settle disputes between the US and England to avoid further conflict.
Effect: Allowed the US to continue trade with Britain. -
A treaty that settled land disputes between the US and Spain.
Cause: Spain feared the US' growing power.
Effect: Set the US' southern border at the 31 N latitude line and let American traders use the Mississippi River for trade. -
When Washington stepped down as president he gave a farewell address that set precedents for the nation.
Cause: Washington decided to step down as president of the US in order to avoid the US having a dictator.
Effect: Washington set the precedent of presidents only serving 2 terms, appointing judges and a cabinet, and urging the US to stay neutral in foreign affairs. -
A quasi-war between France and the US.
Cause: After the signing of Jay's Treaty relations between the US and France were strained. The French tried to bribe American officials who got offended by the offer.
Effect: Americans called for war with France but President John Adams refused to go to war, listening to Washington's advice on staying neutral. -
Resolutions drafted by Thomas Jefferson and James Maddison condemning the Alien and Sedition acts.
Cause: Adams' unconstitutional acts that denied citizens their rights stated in the constitution angered Democratic-Republicans.
Effect: Nullified the Alien and sedition acts and rekindled the debates around how much power states could hold. -
President John Adams passed acts that abused Adams' power as president, silencing political rivals and placing tighter restrictions on immigration.
Cause: The belief that Democratic-Republicans' criticisms of Federalists were unconstitutional and that immigrants would sympathize with the French.
Effect: Other Federalists no longer supported Adams, led to the fall of the Federalist party and to the Democratic-Republicans being able to take power. -
Thomas Jefferson won the election of 1800. This was the first peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another in the US.
Cause: Jefferson won the election due to the distrust in Adams and his peers after the Alien and Sedition acts.
Effects: Started a new era of Democratic-Republican rule in the US.