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Eratosthenes, 276 BCE to 194 BCE, mapped a method that used latitude and longtitude and it helped with coordinating locations across the Earth.
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Claudius Ptolemy, from 100 CE to 170 Ce, developed a geocentric solar system and it explained how the planets, the Sun, and even the stars orbit the Earth.
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Nicolaus Copernicus, from February 19, 1473 to May 24, 1543, discovered that the Earth rotates around on its axis and suggested that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
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Tycho Brahe, from December 14, 1546 to October 24, 1601, observed a bright light and thought that it was a newborn star, but it was a dying star. The appearece of the "new star" helped to revise ancient models o fhte heavens and to speed up on a revolution in astronomy.
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Johannes Kepler, form December 27, 1571 to November 15, 1630, discovered three major laws of planetary motion. It was useful for making predictions of the planet's motions.
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Sir Isaac Newton, from December 25, 1642 to March 20, 1726, discovered the three laws of gravity. The three laws helped to derive Kepler's law of planetary motion.
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Albert Einstein, from March 14, 1879 to April 18, 1955, formulated the law of gravity. Because of this, it revolutionized modern astrophysics.