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Ellis Island (Immigration)
First wave of immigrants were northwestern Europeans which flee starvation, feudal governments, and social upheaval from the Industrial Revolution. They come from Ireland, Germany, China, and Scandinavia. Second wave was call "Flood-Tide" which were from Eastern and Southern Europe. Fleeing burdens of high taxes, poverty and overpopulation, oppression, and religious persecution. -
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The Gilded Age (Andrew Carnegie)
Immigration from Scotland Self-made millionaire founded Carnegie Steel Co. Noted philanthropist gave way most of his fortune. -
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The Gilded Age (J.P.Morgan)
Financer; created General Electric in 1891. Consolidated the steel industry in 1901 (U.S. steel). Controlled over 100 corporations. -
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The Gilded Age (John D. Rockefeller)
Made fortune in oil industry, driven b a search for order and efficiency, concentrated on refining and transportation, development trust instrumental in the evolution of the holding company. -
New Middle Class Emerges
Generated a demand for skilled white-collar workers - engineers, accountants, and attorneys. Big businesses were built. Middle class supported on expansion of higher education. Most important cultural developments of the era was the rise of mass entertainment, from collegiate and professional sports to amusement parks. Religion also attracts Urban Masses. -
Jim Crow (After Civil War)
African Americans get political power. High percentage of African Americans voted and were in local government. -
Federic Auguste Bartholdi
Designed the Statue of Liberty -
Late 19th Century Urbanization (Cities Take On a New Look)
Before, cities had no tall buildings and most people lived within walking distance of their work, schools,shops, etc. Later, they ran out of room and started to build up. Tall buildings and transportation improved and green spaces were left alone. -
City Life
Poor families struggled to survive in crowded slums living in tenements, Small pox were reported, and as known today 36 families lived in one building with seven stories high. -
Immigration
More than 18 million Europeans came to America. Quarter million from Asia, especially China. Europeans came from Southern and Eastern Europe. Most were Catholic and Jewish. Didn't speak English, few skills, and little experience living in cities. -
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Jim Crow Laws
Laws passed by southerners to segregate public places, such as schools, restaurants, theaters, trains, hospitals, water fountains, and cemeteries. -
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Jim Crow Violence
Whites enforced law by lynching because it lapses in the "correct" behavior or economic competition. Africans resisted. They spoke against discrimination, organized boycotts of segregated facilities, and tried to improve them. -
John A. Roebling
He designed the Brooklyn Bridge -
Opportunities and Challenges
Immigrants received help from organizations. Urban industrial life was difficult. Overcrowded neighbors and living quarters. Work was long, dangerous, and poorly paid. -
The Gilded Age (Gospel of Wealth)
The Gospel of Wealth was promulgated by Andrew Carnegie. It developed justification for business. Employed themes from Social Darwinism. -
The Drive for Reform (Origins of Progressivism)
The Progressive movement started to combat the decline of society and the growing of social problems like politics/government, business, social welfare, and labor conditions. Progressive mainly came from the middle class -
The Progressive Era (Women's Sufferage and Sherman Antitrust Act)
The National Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association groups united to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). And the Sherman Antitrust Act was the first measure passed by the U.S. Congress to prohibit monopolies. -
Basketball
Basketball was invented by a Canadian-American physical educator, physician, sports coach and innovator called James Naismith. -
The Immigrant Experience
If authorities believed the newcomers passed risk to public health problems because of polio or another disease, they'll send them back to Europe. -
Ellis Island (America's Premier Immigration Station)
Federal government establishes Bureau of Immigration and selects Ellis Island as site of new immigration station for port of New York. -
Jim Crow (Losing Political Power)
Poll tax, literacy test, and grandfather cause was forced in order for Africans to stop voting. -
The Spanish American War
The U.S. Congress declares war on Spain -
The Spanish American War
U.S. forces defeat the Spanish at the Battle of San Juan Heights -
The Spanish American War
U.S. forces destroyed the Spanish Fleet off Santiago Bay, Cuba. -
The Spanish American War
The Spanish surrender at Santiago. -
The Spanish American War
The U.S. and Spain sign the Protocol of Peace, ending hostilities between the two. -
The Drive for Reform (Progressives Reform Society)
Many Progressives believed that Christianity should be the basis of reform. This belief was known as the Social Gospel. It was believed through charity and justice, reformers could remake society into "the kingdom of God." Jane Addams focused her reform efforts on urban living conditions. She pioneered the settlement house movement in the U.S. These 'houses' were more like community centers that provided services for the urban poor - such as childcare and English lessons. -
The Drive for Reform (Reforming Government)
Many Progressives believed that by reforming gov., society would reform itself. Instead of having a mayor, many cities adopted a commission form of government - known as the Galveston Plan. Four new forms of election regulation came to pass during the Progressive Era - the direct primary, the initiative, the referendum and recall. -
The Progressive Era (Northern Securities Company)
President Roosevelt takes J.P. Morgan’s Northern Securities Company to court for violating the Sherman Antitrust Act in his “trust-busting” efforts to break up Big business monopolies. -
The Drive for Reform (Muckrakers Reveal the Need for Reform)
Social conscious journalists dramatized the need for reform in their novels to encourage others in society to back reform. They were called muckrakers, because they raked the "muck" of society. Lincoln Steffens wrote for McClure magazine and "The Shame of the Cities." These articles focused on political corruption specifically in Philadelphia. -
The Progressive Era (National Child Labor)
The National Child Labor Committee was established with the goal of abolishing all child labor -
Technology Improves Urban Life
New electric streetlights. elevated railroad and electric trolleys allowed city to expand. Made possible first suburbs. Public - works constructed miles of sewers and massive reservoirs, along with intricate system of underground pipes. -
The Progressive Era (17th amendment)
The 17th amendment to the Constitution was ratified to counter Senate corruption by the direct election of senators -
The Progressive Era (19th amendment)
The 19th Amendment is passed giving women the right to vote - refer to Women's suffrage -
Ellis Island (Arrival at Ellis Island)
Passengers were transferred from ship to the Island via Ferry. People waited for hours to be moved and reach the Golden Door to America. 2% of 12 million were sent back.