Alan Turing

Birthday

Jun 23, 1912

Alan Turing, an English scientist, was born on 23 June 1912 in Maida Vale, London, Britain.
(https://www.biography.com/scientist/alan-turing)

Albert Einstein's Questioning

1927

At the age of 16, Turing studied one of Albert Einstein's questions on Newton's Law of Motion by himself.
(https://www.wired.com/2012/06/alan-turing-timeline/)

Central Limit Theorem

1934

Alan Turing attended King's College (University of Cambridge) for 4 years (1931 - 1934) where he successfully proved the central limit theorem (probability theory) as his dissertation.
(https://www.biography.com/scientist/alan-turing)

Turing Machine

1936

In the paper "On Computable Numbers and an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem," Turing outlined the Universal Machine (also known as Turing Machine), a computing device that could perform mathematical computation through the algorithm.
(https://www.wired.com/2012/06/alan-turing-timeline/)

System of Logic Based on Ordinals

1938

Alan Turing received his Ph.D. degree from Princeton University in 1938 where he did his dissertation about System of Logic Based on Ordinals which he introduced the basic concepts of computing and logic. He was also elected as a fellow of King's College
(https://www.wired.com/2012/06/alan-turing-timeline/)

Government Code and Cypher School

1938

Turing started working part-time at Government Code and Cypher School.
(https://www.wired.com/2012/06/alan-turing-timeline/)

Bombe

1939

After World War II was declared, Turing and Gorden Welchman, his colleague, began working on a Bombe, a device for decrypting the messages sent by Germans using their Enigma machines. Turing used statistical techniques to optimize the trial of different possibilities in the code-breaking process using probability.
(https://www.wired.com/2012/06/alan-turing-timeline/)

German Naval Enigma system

1943

Turing and his colleagues tried to break more complicated German Naval Enigma systems. Also, he was sent to America to share what he knew about Engima.
(https://www.wired.com/2012/06/alan-turing-timeline/)

National Physical Laboratory (NPL)

1945

Turing joined the NPL where he constructed an electric digital stored-program computing machine which later became the Automatic Computing Engine. And, by 1946, Turing proposed the first computer model.

Order of the British Empire (OBE) Award

1945

After World War II, Turing was awarded an OBE for his services to Britain. (https://www.wired.com/2012/06/alan-turing-timeline/)

Pilot ACE

1947

Turing returned to Cambridge University, Britain. The first prototype of ACE was developed and executed its first program on 10 May 1950.
(https://www.wired.com/2012/06/alan-turing-timeline/)

Artificial Intelligence

1949

Turing proposed an idea about a machine that could think and function as humans called artificial intelligence. He discovered a potential experiment known as the Turing Test (published in the paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence") which later became the standard for machine intelligence. He also developed a chess-playing program that had never existed on the computer.
(https://www.wired.com/2012/06/alan-turing-timeline/)

Manchester Mark 1

1949

During the year at Computing Laboratory of Manchester University, Turing worked on the stored-program computer - Manchester Mark 1.
(https://www.wired.com/2012/06/alan-turing-timeline/)

First Chess-playing Program

1952

Turing finally developed the first chess-playing program on the computer. However, no computers were powerful enough to execute his program, Turing decided to simulate it himself taking roughly an hour and a half for each move.
(https://www.wired.com/2012/06/alan-turing-timeline/)

The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis

1952

Turing wrote the article "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis" in 1952 demonstrating how such patterns in nature can occur from a homogeneous and uniform state. This is also known as Turing Pattern and is applied a lot in theoretical biology.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chemical_Basis_of_Morphogenesis)

Convicted to Chemical castration

1952

In January 1952, Turing was convicted of gross indecency and lost all security clearance. He was given chemical castration with estrogen hormone injections instead of going to prison.
(https://www.wired.com/2012/06/alan-turing-timeline/)

Death

Jun 7, 1954

Alan Turing passed away in 1954 when he was 42 years old. His death is suspected of being poisoned by cyanide.
(https://www.biography.com/scientist/alan-turing)