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1400
Sea Voyages
In the 1400's, Europeans found out about the riches of Africa while on long sea voyages. -
1401
Trading
Africans began trading with Europeans in the 1400's -
1401
Gold
Europeans were interested in Africas gold, so they started trading with them to become rich in it -
1410
Slave Trade
After Europeans started with the gold trade, they became interested in slave trade in Africa, and started taking part in it. This eventually gave them a lot of control in Africa. -
1500
Slaves
African Traders started to trade guns and other weapons for slaves in Africa. -
1500
Atlantic Slave Trade
When African Traders started trading weapons for slaves, this enslave around 13 million africans. -
1550
Building Trade Posts
Europeans started building trading posts on the African coasts. -
Outlawing Slave Trade
Slave Trade was mostly outlawed in Africa in the early 1800's, but the Europeans were still causing problems in Africa, -
Colonizing Africa
In the early 1800's, European trading posts in Africa got out of control, and Europeans started colonizing Africa. -
Natural Resources
All the Europeans wanted was Africas natural resources, like gold. They though that the easiest way to get it was to take over Africa and start colonizing it. -
Colonization Effects
By the 1900, Europe had colonized almost every single country in Africa. The only country that has never been colonized is Ethiopia, but it was invaded by Italy in the 1930's in an attempt to colonize it. -
Consequences for Africans
Colonization forced many Africans to work for little or no pay at all. Many were tortured and lost their land. -
South Africa
South Africa gained independence from Great Britain in 1910. The only problem was that the minority of white people remained to stay in the government. -
Government
During this time period of Europeans colonizing Africa, Africans resented having no control in their government -
African Leaders
Some governments started letting Africans help rule them partially. As these Africans got educated, they started to dispute agains Europeans and some leaders (like Kwame Nkrumah) started to rise up. -
Independence Movements
Africans started rebelling and and their African Independence Movements started gained momentum in the 1940's. -
Government in South Africa
The mainly white government in South Africa adopted apartheid, which is a strict separation of races. It is a lot like segregation. Because of this law, black South Africans couldn't vote or marry people of different races. -
Protests
People began to protest apartheid in South Africa. These protests usually had police violence. -
Sudan
Sudan and South Sudan were once one combined country called Sudan. Mostly Arabs who practice Islam live in North Sudan, or just Sudan. -
Kwame Nkrumah
In the 1940's, Kwame Nkrumah, who lived in Ghana, had an idea of Pan-Africanism. This is a political movement to unite black africans all over the world, and this was the main reasons why Ghana became independent in 1957. -
Problems with Independence in Nigeria
After Nigeria became independent, ethnic discord arose. An oil rich region in Nigeria that was controlled by the Igbo ethnic group tried to leave Nigeria and form their own country. -
Nigeria
Nigeria led over 40 ethnic groups to try and take over British rule. Everyone, no matter what they did for a living, helped to gain independence. They gained independence in 1960. -
Independence
Most of Africa gained independence in the 1950's and 1960's. This didn't just bring freedom, but also caused problems. -
Struggle to Adjust
Many Africans had a hard time transitioning to independence. Most were used to working as things like farmers, but now they are being to be a part of the government. -
Jomo Kenyatta
Pan-Africananism influence Jomo Kenyatta to get independence for his country (Kenya), from Great Britain. it took years of negotiation and violence with Great Britain, but Kenya gained independence from them in 1963. Kenyatta was the leader of the new nation -
Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela was a big part in ending apartheid in South Africa. He was sent to jail in 1962 for protesting apartheid. He continued to protest even when he was in jail. -
Joseph Mobutu
Joseph Mobutu became the leader of Belgium in 1965 after they gained independence. He was known for being a mean, awful, and torturous leader. He ruled for 32 years. -
Nelson Mandela Helping End Apartheid
F.W. Klerk who was the president when Nelson Mandela was in prison realized that apartheid was ruining South Africa. He released Nelson Mandela in 1990, and agreed to end apartheid. -
Sudan's Conflict
Southerners rebelled against the northerners rule in Sudan. This lead to civil wars between Sudan and South Sudan from about 1960 through 2005. South Sudan gained independence in 2011 -
Arab Trade
A long time after independence was gained in many African countries, most of the governments weren't democratic at all. People in Tunisia made a movement known as the Arab Spring. This spread throughout Northern and Southwestern African countries