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Oct. 7, 2001
U.S. and British forces begin airstrikes in Afghanistan after the Taliban refuse to hand over al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden, blamed for the 9/11 attacks. -
Nov. 13, 2001
Taliban fighters abandon Kabul after weeks of air assaults. About 1,300 U.S. troops were involved in the offensive. -
Dec. 7, 2001
Taliban stronghold Kandahar falls. Bin Laden and Taliban leader Mullah Mohammed Omar escape. -
June 13, 2002
Hamid Karzai is elected as head of state of a new interim government by the loya jirga, or grand council. -
August 2003
NATO deploys troops to Kabul for a peacekeeping mission. The force later expands to other areas and numbers 11,000. The U.S. has more than 10,000 troops in Afghanistan. -
Jan. 4, 2004
Council of elders ratifies a new constitution, making Afghanistan an Islamic state with a strong president. -
Oct. 9, 2004
Karzai wins Afghanistan's first presidential election. -
September 2008
Extremist attacks have made this the most violent year since the 2001 U.S.-led invasion began, with at least 120 U.S. troop deaths and 104 from other NATO nations. There are now 31,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan. -
October 2009
October becomes the deadliest month with 58 U.S. troops killed. Officials expect Obama to make a decision soon to deploy 32,000 to 35,000 more U.S. forces. -
Jan. 30, 2009
Shortly after President Barack Obama's inauguration, there are 36,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan. NATO forces total 32,000. -
Feb. 17, 2009
Obama approves adding some 17,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan. -
May 11, 2009
Top U.S. general in Afghanistan, Gen. David McKiernan, is replaced as Obama tries to turn around the stalemated war. -
June 9, 2009
First deployment of Marines moves into Afghanistan; by June 9, more than 10,000 are in place to ramp up operations against the Taliban. -
Sept. 21, 2009
Gen. Stanley McChrystal, the top U.S. and NATO commander in Afghanistan, says in a confidential report that without additional forces, the war against insurgents will end in failure. -
Oct. 20, 2009
Karzai bows to intense U.S. pressure and agrees to a runoff election, acknowledging he fell short of a majority after U.N.-backed auditors stripped him of nearly a third of his votes. Two weeks later his challenger drops out of the race, and Karzai is declared the winner. -
Dec. 1, 2009
In a speech from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, Obama outlines his decision to rapidly expand the U.S. role in the war in Afghanistan. The Associated Press reports ahead of the speech that Obama will send an additional 30,000 troops. About 71,000 U.S. troops are currently in Afghanistan. At least 849 U.S. troops have been killed so far in the war.