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By: Maria W. Stewart -
Harriet Tubman had escaped slavery and became a conductor on the Underground Railroad. She would help slaves escape to freedom North in the United States. She would usually help the slaves at night in the spring or fall, she would carry a weapon and would drug babies and small children to prevent others from hearing. She is seen as a hero and known the Moses of her people. -
Written by Frederick Douglass -
The Emancipation Proclamation was a declaration by President Abraham Lincoln, that would free the slaves in the South. This document declared that enslaved people were free and that Black men were able to join the military. This document was also made to limit the Confederate army to get more soldiers and secure the victory. -
In 1865, Frederick Douglas gave a speech named "What the Black Man Wants." In this speech, he expresses that everyone, including women, should be able to have their rights and that there should be absolutely nothing that should be able to take them away. He also talks about how Black Americans have gone through so much and that it is best to just leave them alone, as they are also citizens. They should be given a chance to just live freely with nothing holding them back. -
This amendment was passed to abolish Slavery in the United States. The amendment states that slavery should not exist in the United States unless it is a punishment for a crime. The amendment was ratified on December 6, 1865. -
Written by Abraham Lincoln -
W.E.B. Du Bois published a book called "The Souls of Black Folk" The book included many essays on the different experiences that African Americans faced after the Civil War and the Reconstruction. In his book, he talked about "double consciousness" which was mainly to describe the internal struggle that Black Americans faced to navigate their identity in a racially divided society. The book was also published during a time when racism was still prevalent. -
By: Zora Neale Hurston -
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil rights protest against segregation on public buses in Alabama. It began after Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving up her seat to a white passenger. The boycott was let by Martin Luther King Jr., and lasted for a year, African Americans refused to go on city buses, impacting the transit system. The protest ended when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation on the bus was unconstitutional. -
Rosa Parks was an African American seamstress and civil rights activist, she was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama, for not wanting to give up her seat on the bus to a white man. Her arrest was on December 1, 1955, and started the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Her resistance became a symbol of racial segregation. -
Written by James Baldwin -
The March on Washington took place in Washington, D.C., and is known as one of the biggest civil rights rallies in U.S. history, over 250,000 people attended the Lincoln Memorial to demand racial and economic justice. This event also had Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech, in which he talked about the end to racism and that everyone should have equal rights. The march helped the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and outlawed segregation and discrimination. -
In 1963, Martin Luther King played a really important role in the Civil Rights Movement, by leading nonviolent protests against racial segregation. He was a key figure in the Birmingham Campaign and was arrested and wrote his famous letter, "Letter from Birmingham Jail" defending civil disobedience against unfair laws. In August of 1963, he gave his famous speech "I Have a Dream" during the March on Washington, talking about racial equality and justice. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a law that banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or origin in public places, workplaces, and schools. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2, 1964, after many years of activism, like the March on Washington and protests that were led by Martin Luther King Jr. The law also gave voting rights and gave the federal government the power to administer desegregation. This paved the way for promoting equality. -
Written by Ta-Nehisi Coates -
By: Richard Rothstein