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Introduction of Jackie Robinson
Jackie Robinson - Mini BioJackie Robinson became the first black person to play in the MLB. Jackie was drafted in 1947 by the Brooklyn Dodgers and he was an incradible baseball player. Millions admired Jackie for his courage and great skill as an athlete. Jackie also served as a symbol to many, that blacks are just as capable of doing certain things than whites are. -
Who is Ho Chi Minh?
ho chi minhHo Chi Minh was born in a village in central Vietnam in 1890. He participated in several tax revolts against the French before leaving home to travel around the world.Ho Chi Minh eventually joined the French Communism Party and lived in China and the Soviet Union to learn more about Communism. -
Brown v. Board of Education
In Topeka, Kansas, a black woman with the name of Linda Brown argued that it was unfair to have seperate schools for blacks and whites. It first went to local courts to hear the cases, but because they could not come to an agreement, it got brought up in the Supreme Court. In the end all nine justices agreed that having seperate schools for blacks and whitesviolated the Constitutions guarentee of equal protection under law. -
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
montgomery bus boycottThe Montgomery Bus Boycott all started when a NAACP memeber named Rosa Parks rode a bus home from a long day at work. While on board the bus a white man asked her to give up her seat and she refused. She was later arrested and many blacks decided to boycott the bus system in honor of Rosa. The bus company over time, eventually eliminated the rules that blacks have to sit in the back of the bus. -
Black Muslims
One of the largest and most influential groups expressing the ideas of black power was the Nation of Islam. Based of the Islamic religion, they encouraged many blacks to stay strong as an individual and use nonviolence to get the message across that black segregation is bad. It was led by Elijah Muhammad, who preached the message of self-discipline and self-reliance. -
Birth of the SCLC
SCLCThe SCLC was a group that was formed for blacks and whites to come togther and stand up against segregation as one big unit. The leader of the SCLC was Martin Luther King Jr. The SCLC was also based heavily off of Christian faith and values. -
Castro Becomes Leader of Cuba
Fidel Castro came into power in Cuba in 1959 after a two year Guerrila war against Fulgencio Batista (U.S-backed dictator of Cuba) was won by Castro and his forces. as Castro's tatics and vicotories become bolder, his followers become larger in number. When his rebel force marched on Havana, Cuba's capital city, Batista fled the country. On Janurary 8th, Catro declared victory and become Cuba's new leader. -
Introduction of Pop Art
pop artDuring the pop art period, artists aimed to appeal to popular tastes by taking inspirations from popular culture and making art out of it. Andy Warhol led the pop art movement. He painted common, mass-produced objects such as Campbell Soup cans and Coke bottles. -
Who is Diem?
Diem, a Roman Catholic, had served as a high ranking official in the colonial government under French rule. He was taken hostage of the Vietminh in 1945 and brought to go see Ho Chi Minh. He was later released then almost assassinated by the Vietminh. He later fled to the U.S and then he moved back to south Vietnam were he became president. -
The Sit-In Movement
On February 1, 1960, four black college students decided to get a cup of coffee in a Walworth's Store. Denied service because of their race the students expected to get arrested. After the were not arrested after being there for a whole day , they decided to bring evn moe students to the sit-in with them. This made many mad and most protested. This encouraged many blacks to stand up and fight for what they believe in. -
Kennedy Becomes President
kennedy becomes presidentDuring Kennedy's campaign, he played the United States Cold War fears to his advantage, by claiming that the U.S has fallen behind the Soviet Union and that he would help get the U.S back on top of things. Despte Kennedy's excellent campaigning skills and his sexy appeal, many people feared that becasue he was Catholic, he would put the Church before the american public. Clearly that was not enough for Kennedy to loose the election because he took office on January 20, 1961. -
Kennedy Sends Man Into Orbit
In February of 1962, Kennedy sent John Glenn into orbit, and he is now known as the first American to orbit Earth. He did it to try to keep up with the Soviet's space program, as well as to show other countries of all the various space achievements that his country is coming up with as the years go on. -
Engel v. Vital
In Engel v. Vitale, the justices banned formal prayers in public schools. They did this because they felt it violated the First Ammendment's guarentee that government would not make any religion the nation's "offiicial" religion. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
cuban missile crisisPresident Kennedy got word that the Soviet Union had been transporting nuclear missiles to Cuba and started building launch pads for them. This provide a threat for the United States, because Cuba is so close, the Soviet Union could potentially target any major city or town any where in the United States. So in response we used a blockade against Cuba and tried to negotiate with the Soviet Union the best we could to have them remove the missiles, and they eventually did remove them from Cuba. -
The Assassination of Medgar Evers
Medgar Evers, just hours after Kennedy's speechabout segregation, was shot in his front yard. Evers was one of the NAACP's most effective leaders. His slaying shocked many Americans. Police quickly arrested a KKK member of the name of De La Beckwith, who shot Evers because of his race. -
The March on Washington
To build up support for the civil rights movement, civil rights leaders planned to march on the nations capital to help show the nation the importance of passing Kennedy's civil rights law as one of their main goals. This march was the largest demonstration ever held in the United States. More then 200,000 people covered the National mall. -
Diem's Overthrown
While leading in south Vietnam, Diem's government grew more and more unpopular.When Budhists opposed his rule, Diem struck and killed many Budhist protesters.To bring attention to the problem Buddhist monks publically lit themselves on fire to show how much their people are suffering from Diem. The American public quickly turned against Diem. In November 1963 the South Vietnamese plotters murdered Diem. -
Kennedy is Assassinated
Kennedy wanted to build up support for his re-election in Texas, so he rode in an open car in a parade in Dallas, Texas so he could reach out to the people. During the parade he was shot 3 times by a man named Lee Harvey Oswald. The whole country was in shock and was deeply saddend by the death of their leader. -
Johnson Becomes President
After the death of Kennedy, vice president, Lyndon B. Johnson became the next man to lead the United States. He was unlike Kennedy in which he liked to get up and personal with the people he was visiting with, whereas Kennedy, was more laid back. Johnson wanted to carry oput the ideas of Kennedy and kind of finish what Kennedy started. Johnson wanted to end poverty in the U.S, and provide other governmental programs for the people as well. -
Hippies?
hippie videoHippies were countercultural teens and young adults against mainstream American society. They believed that society's values were hollow and its priorities were misplaced. Hippes also wanted to create an alternative culture based on peace and love. -
Passing of the Civil Rights Act
President Johnson supported the passage of a strong civil rights bill. Although some southerners in Congress fought hard to kill it. Johnson signed it into law on July 2, 1964, The act banned discrimination in employment and in public accommodations. -
USS Maddox Under Attack
Near midnight on August 4,1964, President Johnson appeared on national television. He made the dramtic announcement that the USS Maddox, a navy destroyer, had been attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin. -
Economic Opportunity Act
The Economic Opportunity Act funded several new antipoverty programs. Some of these programs included the Job Corps which offered work-training programs for unemployed youth, and VISTA, which was a domestic version of the Peace Corps that provided help to poor communities in the United States. -
Operation Rolling Thunder
The first major direct U.S military activity in Vietnam took place in the air. President Johnson ordered Operation Rolling Thunder, a bombing campaign over north Vietnam. He did this because he wanted to weaken the enemy's ability and will to fight. U.S pilots bombed military targets in North Vietnam, such as airfields and army bases. -
The Ho Chi Minh Trail
One of the main targets of Operation Rolling Thunder was the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The trail was a network of pths that began in North Vietnam, and ended in Soth Vietnam.The North Vietnamese used the trail to send weapons and supplies to the Vietcong in South Vietnam. -
Creation of Medicare and Medicaid
President Johnson wanted to more to help the American people. In july of 1965, Congress authorized for funds to set up medicaid, a program that provides free health care foor poor people, and medicare, a health care program for people over the age of 65. -
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 passed in Congress by large majorities. King, James, Farmer, and Parks were all there for the signing of the act. The act aloowed the federal government to break down long lasting barriers against black voting in the U.S. The imapct was quickly felt by many. -
The Black Panthers
The Black Panther party formed in Oakland, California, called on blacks to use violence and militant action to achieve African American liberation. The Balck Panther party killed many whites and many memebers of the party were jailed and charged with murder and other various crimes. -
What is NOW?
In 1996 a group of feminists formed the National Organization for Women (NOW). This was a women'd rights organization fought that fought gender discrimination in the workplace, schools, and justice system. It also worked to end violence against women and to achieve abortion rights as well. -
Who are the Brown Berets?
In the late 1960s the Brown Berets emerged as one of the most militant organizations in the Chicano movement. The Brown Berets began their activism by protesting against police brutality in East Los Angeles. Soon the group also began fighting for bilingual education, better school conditions, and more Chicano teachers. -
The Geneva Conference
geneva conferenceThe goal of the Geneva Conference was to work out a peace agreement and arrange for Incochina's future. It was agreed at this conference that there will be a cease-fire, and that Vietnam will be temporarily divided at the 17th parallel. -
Summer of Love
In San Francisco, the height of the hippe movement became well known. This movement was known as the Summer of Love. The Hippes here professed peace, love, and harmony, even though the country was at war and wracked with sexism and racism. -
The Poor People's Campaign
The Poor People's Campaign marked an important expansion of the civil rights movement. Blacks from all over came togther to protest saying how many blacks are poor and they want some financial help. They also wanted to bring to attention that many whites are also suffering from economin troubles as well. -
The Tet Offensive
The Vietcong assault on the U.S Embassy marked the start of the Tet Offensive, which was a series of massive coordinated attacks throughout South Vietnam. The Tet Offensive was a very effective set of strategies, in which they were able to put a good beating on the U.S through these attacks because they were so well planned. -
The Troubling My Lai Massacre
The My Lai massacre was initially kept quiet by high-ranking military officials, but eventually former soldiers began talking about what they had witnessed. The massacre was very sad in which soldiers killed many Vietnamese women, children, and elderly men and women as well. Eventually the news got out and many people grew into even more anger regarding the war. -
The Asassination of King
While King was in Memphis to prepare for giving a speech at a rally in Memphis, he was shot by a man named Earl Ray, a white sniper with a high powered sniper rifle, while he was on is balcony at the motel he was staying in. Many Sfrican Americans were outraged and many rioted in cities and towns all over the country. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1968
Just a week after Martin Luther's death, Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1968, also called the fair housing Act, the law banned discrimination in the sale or rental of housing.Which was huge for most African Americans during this time of reform. -
The Election of 1968
After Johnson withdrew from the presidential campaign of 1968, his VP, Hubert Humphrey, entered the race. His oppenent was Republican Richard M. Nixon. Nixon ended up winnng the race with 301 electroial votes or Humphrey's 191. Nixon mainly won, because the people feared that Humphrey would be getting us into deeper issues involving the Vietnam War just like Johnson did, at least in the eyes of the people. -
Trying to end the War
During Nixons's presdidential campaign, he pledged to end the war. Once in office he and his National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger did just that. His plan was to turn over more of the fighting while gradually bringing troops home from the war. This process was known as Vietnamization. -
The Formation of the La Raza Unida Party
The La Ruza Unida Party (RUP) campaigned for bilingual education, improved public services, education for children and migrant workers, and an end to job discrimination. In 1970, many RUP candidates were elected to offices in several Texas cities with large Mexican populations. -
Violence at Kent State
kent state shootingOn May 2, 1970, antiwar demonstrators at Kent State University set fire to the ROTC building. The governor of Ohio sent National Guard over there to solve the issue. While there antiwar crowds built up on campus and strated to throw rocks at the soldiers. The soldiers fired for means of defense killing 4 students. -
What is the ERA
NOW actively campaigned for the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment, which promised equal treatment for men and women in all spheres, not just employment. At first ratification seemed like it would happen, but as time went on states started to disagree with it and it did not pass as a law. -
J. Edgar Hoover friend or foe?
FBI director J. Edgar Hoover was convinced that the major civil rights groups were led by communists. He put similar thoughts in the minds of many and many started to go against civil rights groups. So just because he is an FBI director ,doesn't mean he doing good for this country all the time. -
Roe v. Wade
The Supreme Court struck down state laws that banned abortion in the 1973 landmark case which is known as Roe v. Wade. The court ruled that such laws violated a constitutional right to privacy. This decision that was made causes disputes that go on even to this day. -
The AIM
The American Indian Movement (AIM), founded in Minnesota in 1968 by Denis Banks, Clyde Bellecourt, and many others. AIM called for renewal of traditional cultures, economic independence, and better education for indian children.
