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De Jure vs De Facto Segregation
De Jure segregation occurred because it was mandated by local laws, De Facto segregation occurs because of societal norms. All of the segregation that has occurred since 1965 is De Facto -
Plessy v Ferguson
The Supreme Court upheld segregation laws as long as facilities were 'separate but equal' -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
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Race Riots
A huge violent racial conflict between black and white Americans, 38 people died and over 500 were injured. This occurred between July 27, 1919 until August 3, 1919 -
Brown v Board of Education of Topeka
Supreme Court unanimously ruled that segregation in schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and therefore unconstitutional -
Emmett Till
Emmett Till was a 14-year-old boy who was lynched and murdered after offending a white woman in a grocery store -
Rosa Parks
Refused to give up her seat on the bus which sparked a movement to help end segregation -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
This was a social and political protest against the segregation of the public transit system in Montgomery, AL that occurred between December 5, 1955, and December 20, 1956 -
Little Rock School Integration
This gained national attention when Governor Faubus mobilized the Arkansas National Guard to keep the 'Little Rock Nine' from entering the school. -
Sit Ins
a series of peaceful protests in Greensboro, NC which led to the Woolworth department store chain removing its segregation policies. from Feb 1, 1960 to July 25, 1960 -
Freedom Rides
A series of peaceful protests from May 4, 1961, to December 10, 1961, where activists rode interstate buses into segregated southern states to challenge the non-enforcement of the 1946 Supreme Court ruling that banned segregation on interstate bus travel -
March on Birmingham, Alabama
This was organized by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to bring attention to the integration efforts in Birmingham, AL which was one of the most racially divided cities in the country -
March on Washington
This was one of the largest political rallies in history, demanding equal rights for African Americans and where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his "I have a Dream" speech. -
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr,/Ghandi/Thoreau/Randolph
These men are significant because of their dedication to peaceful protests to protest that which they thought was unjust. -
24th Amendment
Prohibited both Congress and the States from utilizing a poll tax or any other means to condition the right to vote -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This outlawed discrimination based on religion, race, color, sex, and national origin. It also outlawed voter discrimination. -
Malcolm X
Malcolm X was a Muslim minister and human rights activist who was very vocal during the civil rights movement. He was assassinated in 1965 -
March from Selma to Montgomery for Voting Rights
A protest march held on the 54 mile stretch of highway from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This Act was signed into law by Lyndon B. Johnson outlawing discriminatory voting practices that many southern states implemented after the civil war -
Black Panther Party
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Thurgood Marshall
First African American justice to serve on the Supreme Court
