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The idea for hypertext (where documents are linked to related documents) is credited to Vannevar Bush's famous MEMEX idea.
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The first graphical video game was by Slug Russel of MIT in 1962 for the PDP-1
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Where visible objects on the screen are directly manipulated with a pointing device, was first demonstrated by Ivan Sutherland in Sketchpad
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The first pen-based input device,
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The first 3-D system by Timothy Johnson
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Teitelman in 1964 developed the first trainable gesture recognizer.
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Was developed at Stanford Research Laboratory as part of the NLS project (funding from ARPA, NASA, and Rome ADC) to be a cheap replacement for light-pens.
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Was one of the first CRT-based display editors that was widely used.
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The original work on VR was performed by Ivan Sutherland when he was at Harvard
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Provided direct manipulation of graphics, a form of graphical potentiometer, that was probably the first "widget."
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It employed, among other interface techniques, iconic representations, gesture recognition, dynamic menus with items selected using a pointing device, selection of icons by pointing, and moded and mode-free styles of interaction.
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The "Lincoln Wand" by Larry Roberts was an ultrasonic 3D location sensing system, developed at Lincoln Labs, also had the first interactive 3-D hidden line elimination. An early use was for molecular modelling.
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The first User Interface Management System (UIMS) was William Newman's Reaction Handler created at Imperial College, London
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The Hypertext Editing System from Brown University had screen editing and formatting of arbitrary-sized strings with a lightpen.
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MIT's early screen-editor
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Many of the current uses of the mouse were demonstrated by Doug Engelbart as part of NLS in a movie created in 1968
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Multiple tiled windows were demonstrated in Engelbart's NLS in 1968
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NLS demonstrated mouse-based editing
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The FRESS project at Brown used multiple windows and integrated text and graphics
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Doug Engelbart's demonstration of NLS included the remote participation of multiple people at various sites
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Alan Kay proposed the idea of overlapping windows in his 1969 University of Utah PhD thesis
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Electronic mail, still the most widespread multi-user software, was enabled by the ARPAnet, which became operational in 1969, and by the Ethernet from Xerox PARC in 1973.
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The "NLS Journal" was one of the first on-line journals, and it included full linking of articles.
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Stanford research on text editor
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MIT research on text editor
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They first appeared in 1974 in Smalltalk system at Xerox PARC, and soon after in the InterLisp system.
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The first computer painting program was probably Dick Shoup's "Superpaint" at PARC
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was the first WYSIWYG editor-formatter
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David Canfield Smith coined the term "icons" in his 1975 Stanford PhD thesis on Pygmalion [41] (funded by ARPA and NIMH) and Smith later popularized icons as one of the chief designers of the Xerox Star
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Developed by William Newman was the first drawing program for Xerox PARC's Alto
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An early computer conferencing system was Turoff's EIES system at the New Jersey Institute of Technology
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was the first Hypertext system released to the user community. It was used to link patient and patient care information at the University of Vermont's medical center.
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The first popular commercial game was Pong
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The concept of direct manipulation interfaces for everyone was envisioned by Alan Kay of Xerox PARC in a 1977 article about the "Dynabook"
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The initial spreadsheet which was developed by Frankston and Bricklin for the Apple II while they were students at MIT and the Harvard Business School. The solver was based on a dependency-directed backtracking algorithm by Sussman and Stallman at the MIT AI Lab.
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Some of the first commercial uses of windows were on Lisp Machines Inc. (LMI) and Symbolics Lisp Machines
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The Interactive Graphical Documents project at Brown was the first hypermedia (as opposed to hypertext) system, and used raster graphics and text, but not video
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The Steamer project at BBN demonstrated many of the ideas later incorporated into interface builders and was probably the first object-oriented graphics system.
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The first commercial system to make extensive use of Direct Manipulation
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It first appeared commercially as part of the Xerox Star
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The Cedar Window Manager from Xerox PARC was the first major tiled window manager
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The main commercial systems popularizing windows were the Xerox Star (1981), the Apple Lisa (1982), and most importantly the Apple Macintosh (1984).
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was developed at Xerox PARC
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The second commercial system to make extensive use of Direct Manipulation
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Ben Shneiderman at the University of Maryland coined the term and identified the components and gave psychological foundations
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The Diamond project at BBN explored combining multimedia information (text, spreadsheets, graphics, speech).
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The Movie Manual at the Architecture Machine Group (MIT) was one of the first to demonstrate mixed video and computer graphics
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The term "UIMS" was coined by David Kasik at Boeing.
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Developed by Carnegie Mellon University's Information Technology Center
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was the first system where highlighted items in the text could be clicked on to go to other pages
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The idea of creating interfaces by connecting separately written components was first demonstrated in the Andrew project by Carnegie Mellon University's Information Technology Center.
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The third commercial system to make extensive use of Direct Manipulation
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The X Window System, a current international standard, was developed at MIT in 1984. For a survey of window managers.
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The Macintosh included a "Resource Editor" which allowed widgets to be placed and edited.
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Jean-Marie Hullot created "SOS Interface" in Lisp for the Macintosh while working at INRIA which was the first modern "interface builder." Hullot built this into a commercial product in 1986.
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An early C++ toolkit was InterViews, developed at Stanford
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Jean-Marie Hullot created NeXT Interface Builder
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Tim Berners-Lee used the hypertext idea to create the World Wide Web at the government-funded European Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN).