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Copernicus's Commentariolus is an outline of the early version of his heliocentric theory of the universe. The complete version was later published in 1548 (De revolutionibus orbium coelestium).
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Copernicus publishes this work which alters man's conception of himself and the universe.Then the new scientific method replaced the scholastic method.
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Astronomia Nova records Kepler's ten year long struggle to understand the orbit of Mars. It helped to unlock the deeper mysteries of the organization and physical dynamics of the Solar System.
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Galileo discovered the craters on the moon. He also determined that the sun had small dark spots on the surface which are now called sunspots. Galileo also discovered the four moons of Jupiter and observes the vast number of stars in the milky way.
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Johannes Kepler publishes third law which describe the planetary motion. Kepler's law explain the form and operation of planetary orbits. It leads to the rejection of Aristolean system.
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Harmonice mundi (Harmonies of the world in English translation) presents Johannes Kepler's Third Law which emphasizes the relationship between the annual periods of each planet compared to their distance from the sun.
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Francis Bacon published Novum Organum which outlined the system of the logic based on reduction which was an improvement of Aristotle's process of syllogism.
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Isaac Newton establishes that white light is not one pure entity but is made up of all of the colors on the spectrum also known as the rainbow. He also establishes the property of refraction (the bending of light).
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Isaac Newton publishes a book which lays out his model of the universe according to the law of universal gravitation. This publication represents the integration of works by all of the astronomers who came before Newton.
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Nature is the one of the most prominent scientific journals. It still publishes original research articles across a wide range of scientific fields.
