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In 1809, a crude telegraph was invented in Bavaria by Samuel Soemmering.He used 35 wires with gold electrodes in water and at the receiving end 2000 feet the message was read by the amount of gas caused by electrolysis.
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In 1825, British inventor William Sturgeon started the evolution for electronic communication products with the electro magnet
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The first telegraph in the USA. was invented by Harrison Dyar who sent electrical sparks through chemically treated paper tape to burn dots and dashes.
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An American, Joseph Henry, demonstrated the potential of William Sturgeon's electromagnet for long distance communication by sending an electronic current over one mile of wire to activate an electromagnet which caused a bell to strike.
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In 1835, Samuel Morse proved that signals could be transmitted by wire. He used pulses of current to deflect an electromagnet, which moved a marker to produce written codes on a strip of paper - the invention of Morse code.
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Samuel Morsesuccessfully exploited the electromagnet and bettered Joseph Henry's invention.
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Morse allowed Annie Ellsworth, the young daughter of a friend, to choose the words of the message, and she selected a verse from Numbers XXIII, 23: "What hath God wrought?", which was recorded onto paper tape. Morse's early system produced a paper copy with raised dots and dashes, which were translated later by an operator.
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Dispatching trains by telegraph started, the same year Western Union began business.
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Western Union built its first transcontinental telegraph line, mainly along railroad rights-of-way.
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Two inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell both independently designed devices that could transmit speech electrically.
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Bell's research had progressed to the extent that he could inform his future father-in-law, about the possibility of a multiple telegraph.
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The Postal Telegraph System entered the field for economic reasons, and merged with Western Union in 1943.