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The first wave of comtempory school reform movements derived from the launching of the first Russian manned spacecraft, Sputnik
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A second wave of reform in the last 50's and 60's resulted from the Civil Rights Movement and the crises of the Vietnam era and led to major new pieces of national legislation affecting education.
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The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was designed to provide remedial assistance to disadvantage studentswho achieved below-grade-level results in math and reading.
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A comprehensive effort made during the 80's and 90's to improve schools and the preparation of teachers.
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The Educate America Act of 1994 set standards to be achieved nationwide by the year 2000.
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ESEA was substantially amended by the Improving America's School Act of 1994 and the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001.
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