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Theodor Scwann concluded that is the result of living things.
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Louis Pasteur who was a french chemist determined fermentation is caused by the yeast
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A german chemist named Eduard Buchner recieved the Novel prize for showing that enzymes in yeast cells, not the yeast cells themselves, cause fermentation.
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Arthur Harden and Hans Euler-Cheplin won the Nobel prize for determining exactly how enzymes cause fermentation.
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Technology was developed to use fermentation to produce antibiotics.