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They allowed use of winds blowing from opposite directions, speeding up maritime travel and improving trade.
It was introduced to India around 1500. -
A greater surplus from those crops that could be planted in once-infertile areas caused the population to grow.
Industrial crops like cotton created new industries.
Technologies, such as the astrolabe and Chinese papermaking, created new industries and improved trade. -
Due to the lack of rivers and the dry season caused by monsoon winds, an irrigation system was needed in S India. Reservoirs and dams were built, which improved agriculture production.
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This "liquid fire" technology saved Constantinople, allowing its culture to grow and spread for a longer period of time.
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The heavy plow, which was more effective at aerating the soil and breaking roots than the light plows from behorehand, improved farming. To use these plows, horses were utilized on a greater scale. Heavy plows also disturbed the land more than light plows did.
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About 1/3s of Japan's population died during this time, causing political and economic panic.
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Huge volumes of trade goods could be transported at once, which made Indian Ocean trade more efficient as people could move more goods per monsoon cycle.
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Along with papermaking, movable type aided the growth of literary works as well as education, as documents could quickly be printed.
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China gets a greater surplus of rice, allowing the population to increase. More urbanization occurs, and there is greater specialization as fewer people needed to become farmers.
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It was used for several purposes: military, as "fire lances" and Islamic hand cannons, and economic, as some trade ships were powered by miniature rockets.