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Original Pledge of the Allegiance
-Bellamy had hoped that the pledge would be used by citizens in any country
-The phase "To flag of the United States of America was added to the pledge of Allegiance in 1923 so it could be specific of U.S
-The phase "Under god" wasn't added to our pledge of allegiance until 1954 in response to threat of communism -
Langston Hughes
-It was a Harlem Renaissance artist.her wrote the poem to revolve the importance of roots & the way they provide meaning in life
-It influenced the value of the African race during the renaissance act -
Social Darwinism
-Haves were rich people, or people that had power
-If you were poor not educated then it means that they don't deserve to have money or power and there were a have not concept behind social Darwinism was racism, money and power
-What social classes owe to each other was pamphlet by William Graham summers about solving social problems 1833-1903 -
Henry Ford
-Was an engineer early automobile manufacturer
-He introduced the assembly line in 1914 increasing production by moving car along a conveyor belt while workers completed their assigned tasks -
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Red Scare
-Xenophobia is the fear of foreigners
-Many Americans were scared of the communists because the communist had overthrown Russia in 1917 and murdered them
-A series of bomb explosions in 1919, including an attempt on Mitchell Palmer, Lead to a campaign against the communists
-Palmer raids caused mass arrest. Palmer violated peoples civil rights . Palmer lead groups of people searching for communists
-No communists were discovered lives were raided due to the raids -
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Harlem Resaissance
-The Harlem Renaissance was the rise of power of Africans-Americans gaining civil rights
-The Harlem Renaissance was also known as the "New negro movement"
-Contributing factors leading to the Harlem Renaissance were the Great Migration of Africans-Americans to Northern cities had created new industrial work opportunity for tens of thousands of people over 2 mil African-Americans moved to the north to escape share cropping,tenant farming& deep racism they failed -
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The Roaring Twenties
-The time period is marked by optimism, celebration ,experimentation and social change, but also fear of external influences and a loss of 'American Culture' -
19th Amendment
On August 18, 1920, The 19th Amendment to the U.S. constitution granted American women the rights to vote, A right known as women suffrage by 1818 the NWSA National women suffrage association) and the collective suffrage movement had gathered enough influence to lobby the U.S. congress for a constitutional Amendment his this has allowed woman to have the right to vote to this day -
UNIAE
-the members pledge themselves to do all in their power conserved the rights of their noble race and to respect brotherhood of man and the the fatherhood of god -
U.N.I.A.
Marcus Mosiah Geruey
-The Member pledge themselves to do all in their power to conserve the rights of their noble race and to respect the rights of all mankind believing always in the fatherhood of god
-North and the frustration of the struggling to cope with urban life set the scene for Garvey's back to Africa movement
(United Negro Important Association) -
Teapot Dome Scandal
1920's involved national security big oil companies & corruption of U.S. and selling military land
-Events led decades before government & U.S. navy officials new global presence -
Emergency Quota Act
-Restricted immigration into the U.S
-Due to the immigration statistics at the time, the program favored immigration that came mostly from Western and Northern Europe
-The reason for passing the Act was that the flood of immigrants in recent years had negative wage effect on Native-born Americans
Following the WWI , both Europe and U.S suffering economic and social upheaval the Russian revolution and the dissolution of both the Austria-Hungarian empire and ottoman empire led . -
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Nations Origins Formula
-Restricted immigration on the basis of existing proportions of the population. It was aimed to reduce the overall number of unskilled immigrants, and to prevent immigration from changing the ethnic distribution of the population. It discriminated against Southern and Eastern Europeans. The government only allowed 2% exclusion act was modified which banned Asians completely out.
-The act caused immigration to drop by almost 500,000 people between 1920 and 1922 -
First Solo Transatlantic flight
-Name of the pilot was Charles Lindberg
-Name of the plane was the spirit of St. Louis
-Start of this flight was Roosevelt field NY to land at La Bourget Airport near Paris
-He changed public opinion on the value of air travel and laid the foundation for the future development of aviation -
Quote Act ending with WW2
Nativism-The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those
-The cause of nativism was to protect the native born Americans specially of glo-Saxon extraction and they are the ones who have superior rights to the "foreign-born"
-The trail of sacs and Vanzetti, and Ku Klux Klan used naturism in order to gain public acceptance -
Duke Ellington
-He was a jazz composer but he called his music "American Music"
-His fifty year career he played over 20,000 performances in Europe,Latin American,the Middle East and Asia
-Ellington's orchestra began its four year residency at harlems famous cotton club in 1927,succession at popular radio broadcasts from cotton club brought Ellington national fame. His name became known after the success of "mood indigo" and "It don't mean a thing(if it aint got the swing)(1932) -
Eugenics
-Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population
-The government under Theodore Roosevelt created a national heredity commission that was charged to investigate the genetic heritage of the country and to "encourage" the increase of families of good blood and(discourage)the vicious elements in the cross-bred American civilization
-Hitler believed that the Aryan people which came from eugenics were destined to rule the world -
Father of the naval aviation
-Glenn Curtis was the 1st to drive a plane with an engine in 1902
-In 1908 he designed a sea plane that could land on water
-Landed his "hydroplane" in naval aviation
-Convinced the secretary of the navy to buy the 1st aircraft
-In 1912 he developed a larger flying boat
-Constructed the 1st airplane to cross the Atlantic ocean for the US navy