4.1.1

Insulin Pen

1986 BCE

Insulin pen were made for blood glucose to have a steady amount for the patients.

Dean Kamen

1970 BCE

He was an undergraduate student at Worcester Polytechnic Institute when he invented the first portable infusion pump. An infusion pump is a device that puts medication or other fluids into a persons blood or circulatory system. This device was the precursor of the insulin pump and revolutionized medication delivery for a variety of conditions including chemotherapy and others.

Test Strips for Blood Glucose Invented

1964 BCE

Test strips for blood glucose were being used for the first time. It is used by placing a drop of blood onto the strip, then washes off. After it washes off, the color would change and would be compared to a color chart that would be provided.

Recognized Two Types of Diabetes

1959 BCE

In type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system destroys the cells that release insulin, eventually eliminating insulin production from the body. Without insulin, cells cannot absorb sugar (glucose), which they need to produce energy. In type 2 diabetes, the body isn't able to use insulin the right way. This is called insulin resistance. As type 2 diabetes gets worse, the pancreas may make less and less insulin. This is called insulin deficiency.

Lente Insulin

1954 BCE

Lente insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin that starts working about 1.5 hours after it is injected. The effect is maximal between 4 and 8 hours and ends as long as 24 hours after injection.

Syringe is Invented

1940 BCE

During this time, the syringe is invented which lead to more sustainable manageable of diabetes.

Protamine Zinc Insulin

1936 BCE

Insulin is combined with zinc and protamine (a protein extracted from salmon testes), which, in combination, slow the release of the insulin into bodily tissue.

Leonard Thompson

1922 BCE

He is a fourteen years old boy, who was the first to be injected with insulin extracts.

Results

1922 BCE

This failed, the patient blood glucose levels began to dropped, but purified injections developed by Collip were given starting January 23, 1922.

Animal Testing

1921 BCE

Fredrick Banting, an unsuccessful orthopedic surgeon, who after reading about the association between the pancreas and diabetes became convinced that he could find the anti-diabetic substance. The group prepared an extract from the pancreas of a dog. They isolated two other dogs with diabetes, administered the extract to one, and nothing to the other. Four days later the control dog died, but the dog that received the extract lived for three weeks, dying only after there was no more extract.

Benedicts Solution

1911 BCE

The benedicts solution is invented and is more efficient way to test for sugar in urine.

Animal Discovery

1889 BCE

Animals that get their pancreas removed get diabetes. At that time a life expectancy for a 10 year old with diabetes would be one year.

Von Mering

1869 BCE

Von Mering, a German physician, disproved Bernard’s liver theory when he found that removing the pancreas caused diabetes. He and his partner, Minkowski, worked on extracting an anti-diabetic substance from the pancreas but could not find a way to do this.The idea that the anti-diabetic substance might come from the islets of Langerhans was widely held at that time. This was reasoned because the rest of the gland was quite different and therefore would have a different function.

Linking Glycogen to Diabetes and Metabolism

1848 BCE

A doctor had discovered that glycogen is secreted by the liver and the doctor believed that it is the same sugar that is in the urine of diabetics.