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Dorothea Dix
She was appointed superintendent of army nurses for Civil War service. She made sure to look after the welfare of nurses who had to labor in brutal environments and the men they cared for. She went out of her way to obtain medical supplies from private sources since the government would not provide them. -
Clara Barton
She established the American Association of the Red Cross. In this same year she started the first local Red Cross in the St. Paul's United Lutheran Church in Dansville, New York. -
Isabel Hampton Robb
She was appointed head of the new Johns Hopkins nursing school, where she continued to suggest reforms, participated in teaching, and published the text Nursing: Its Principles and Practice. -
Lavinia Dock
She was a nurse, author, pioneer in nursing education and social activist. She founded the American Society of superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses of the United States and Canada, a precursor to the current National League for Nursing. -
Lillian Wald
She was the founder of the Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service and of the Henry Street Settlement. She was also responsible for the instruction of nurses in the public schools and for insurance companies providing free visiting nurses for their policy holders. -
Mary Ann Bickerdyke
A statue was made of Mary Ann kneeling beside a wounded soldier holding a cup to his lips. She was a nurse and health care provider to the Union Army during the American Civil War. -
Mary Adelaide Nutting
She joined the faculty of Teachers College at Columbia University in New York City and became the world's first professor of nursing. She was a strong advocate of university education for nurses and was instrumental in developing the first programs of this type -
Mary Eliza Mahoney
She was cofounder of the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN). She was the first African-American registered nurse in the United States. -
Margaret Sanger
She founded the National Birth Control League. In 1916 she set up the first birth control clinic in the United States. -
Annie Goodrich
Annie Goodrich is appointed founded Dean. She is the first woman Dean at Yale University. Her agenda included student clinical experience for educational purposes, correlation of theory and clinical practice, nursing education in accord with university academic standards, a curriculum that integrates both preventive and curative care, and use of the case assignment teaching method for clinical experience. -
Mary Breckinridge
Established the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS) to provide professional health care in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern Kentucky, one of America's poorest and most isolated regions. The FNS system lowered the maternal mortality rate in Leslie County, Kentucky, from the highest in the country to well below the national average. -
Ida V. Moffett
She organized Alabama's first unit of the Cadet Nurse Corps, a federal program of the Public Health Service that was established to overcome a shortage of nurses, and oversaw construction of a second building for the School of Nursing. -
Lillian Holland Harvey
The first baccalaureate of nursing program in the state of Alabama, was started under her leadership. She was cited by the United States Army for Outstanding Service to the Army Nurse Corps Counselors. The nursing program under her direction, prepared black nurses with educational and practical skills entering military service the opportunity to advance rapidly in the U.S. Nurse Corps during World War II -
Hildegard Peplau
Published her book on Interpersonal relations model. She was known as "Mother of Pyschiatric Nursing". Her focus was psychiatric nursing specialty and it had a profound effect on the nursing profession, nursing science, and nursing practice -
Dorothea Orem
Developed the Orem model of Nursing. The model is used in rehabilitation and primary care settings where the patient is encouraged to be as independent as possible. -
Virginia Henderson
Defined nursing as "assisting individuals to gain independence in relation to the performance of activities contributing to health or its recovery". She was the first full-time nursing instructor in Virginia. -
Martha E. Rogers
She was best known for developing the Science of Unitary Human Beings and her landmark book, An Introduction to the Theoretical Basis of Nursing. She was appointed Head of the Division of Nursing at New York University. -
Linda Richards
She was the first trained American nurse. She is credited with establishing nurse training programs in various parts of the United States and in Japan. She also is recognized for creating the first system for keeping individual medical records for hospitalized patients. -
Madeleine Leininger
She is the founder of transcultural nursing. She has written or edited 27 books and founded the Journal of Transcultural Nursing to support the research of the Transcultural Nursing Society. -
Jean Watson
Dr. Jean Watson is Distinguished Professor of Nursing and holds an endowed Chair in Caring Science at the University of Colorado Denver and Anschutz Medical Center Campus. She is founder of the original Center for Human Caring in Colorado and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing.
