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Spain return to absolutism because Ferdinand VII repealed the Constitution of 1812 and the reforms suggested by Cádiz Cortes.
Some liberals organizate pronunciamientos because they wanted the return of the Constitution but they fail and many of them were obligated into exile and others were executed -
Ferdinand VII returned to Sapin to re-establish the absolutist monarchy but the amount of people who has liberal ideas made it difficult
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There weren’t political estability because the confrontation of the National Militia formed by liberal volunteers against the supporters of absolutism
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Fernando VII form the Holly Alliance and send the 100.000 sons of Saint Louis to defeat the liberals. He re-established the absolute monarchy and liberals made some revolts but they were not succesful
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1st Carlist war was about who would occupy the throne of Spain, to give hope to a liberal monarchy and to stop the absolutist monarchy
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Maria Cristina supported the moderated liberals, who began making small reforms. Juan Álvarez Mendizábal start the abolishment of the Ancien Régime by introducing fisical reforms, dissolving manorialism and the confiscation of the Church property. And it was a separation of powers, it granted many rights and individual libertyes... because the defeat of the progressive constitution
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Moderate liberals took control of the government. Maria Christina was forced to step down and the progressive General Espartero was appointed regent. Espartero's authoritian ideas create strongs opposition. Finally Isabella II was proclaimed queen at the age of 13
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Alternation of power between moderates and progressists these goverments were governed by military figures.
The 2nd Carlist war started because Isabel II didn't want to marrie with Carlos Luis Borbon who finally defeated.
The inestability of this governments will create a the Glorious Revolution.
The exportation help the economy of Spain -
The military revolt known as Glorious revolution that want the fall of Isabel II and began a decocratic political system
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In 1873 the Cortes votes to form a republic. Most of the diputies were monarchies and did not support the new form of government. Lower coasses were satisfyed with the result and made som economic and social reforms. The division of diferent ideologist wanted a greater social revolution. Cartagena proclaimed istelf an indelendent canton of the state. And the opposition of the monarchist that want to restore the monarchy made the republic establishment impossible.