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"The right of any officer to give his vote at elections as a qualified citizen is not meant to be restrained...but it is expected that he will not attempt to influence the votes of others nor take any part in the business of electioneering, that being deemed inconsistent with the spirit of the Constitution and his duties to it."
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- "Turn the rascals out!"
- Relied heavily on patronage to strengthen his party
- Political sympathy and partisan activity were required as a condition of appointment
- Stated that the trained officials in DC constituted a "dangerous bureaucracy"
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- Handpicked by President Jackson as his successor
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Extended the requirement of Senate concurrence to removal of Cabinet members
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Andrew Johnson impeached by the House of Representatives for defying the 1867 Tenure of Office Act
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Committee issues report recommending the introduction of competitive examinations
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Appropriations rider gives President Grant the authority to appoint an Advisory Board on the Civil Service, which issued recommendations for new civil service rules
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Pres. Hayes issues Executive Orders revivin and extending competitive exams and prohibiting political activity by government employees
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